Thuja occidentalis, or white cedar, is a versatile evergreen tree native to eastern and central North America. Typically reaching heights of 20 to 40 feet in cultivation, mature trees in the wild can grow up to 60 feet tall. This species thrives in well-drained, medium moisture soils and prefers full sun to partial shade. It is tolerant of a variety of soil conditions, including clay and wet soils for short periods of time, but struggles in dry conditions and is not tolerant of prolonged flooding. It can also experience winter burn in exposed locations and may suffer from damage due to ice and snow accumulation and it is not highly tolerant of salt. Numerous cultivars have been developed, offering different growth habits and tolerances, such as 'Smaragd' and 'Nigra,' which are noted for maintaining their green colour in winter. The species has a broad ecological range and is well-suited for use in residential and park settings, adding both aesthetic and functional value to gardens and landscapes.