Use the filters below to help find the best tree for your planting site. Click on each of the filters to learn more about them.

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Planting Site

Where are you planting your tree(s)?

Landscape Ontario Recommended

Hardiness Zone

Your hardiness zone is determined by the coldest temperature your area experiences. Choosing a tree that's suited to your zone means it's more likely to make it through the winter and thrive.
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Do you know your hardiness zone?

Soil Quantity

Soil quantity is the amount of soil around your tree that is available forits roots to grow into. Assuming a 1 meter soil depth, how much space is available around your tree?

Sunlight

Different tree types have varying sunlight requirements during the growing season.

Thinking about how much sunlight your planting site receives. Is it:

Height

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How tall do you envision your tree once its fully grown?

Remember, how close your tree is planted to other objects will affect its height. Here's a guide:

Taller trees (over 8 meters) should be planted at least 8 meters away from powerlines.

Medium-height trees (between 6 to 8 meters) should be planted 3 meters away.

Smaller trees (under 3 meters) can be planted safely under powerlines.

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Canopy

The tree canopy is like a leafy umbrella formed by the branches and leaves at the top of a tree. It's the upper layer of branches and foliage that creates shade and shelters everything beneath it. Think of it as the "roof" of the tree.

How wide do you want the canopy of your has fully grown?

Drainage

One way to tell how much drainage a site has is to see whether water pools after a heavy rain.

Does water tend to pool at your site after a heavy rain?

Still not sure?

If it hasn’t rained recently in your area, you can determine the drainage of your site yourself:

1. Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep.

2. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain completely.

3. Fill the hole again and measure the water depth every 2 hours. A medium-draining soil will drop at least 5cm every 2 hours, any slower and you have a poor draining soil, any faster and you have a high draining soil.

Salt Tolerance

Will this tree be planted close (less than 5 meters) to a road/sidewalk that is salted in the winter?

Growth Rate

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Trees grow at different speeds, some trees grow quickly, while others grow more slowly.
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How fast do you want your tree to grow?

Native Species

A native species is a type of plant that naturally occurs in a specific region and has adapted to the local climate, soil and other factors. Depending on the availability of native species, it may be more feasible to choose non-native species that serve a similar function to native ones, for example by providing a habitat for local wildlife or preventing erosion.
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I am looking for a species:

Deciduous or Evergreen

There are two main types of trees: Evergreen and Deciduous. Evergreen trees have leaves year round. Pine trees are an example of evergreen trees. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. Maple trees are an example of deciduous trees.

Do you want your tree to have leaves year-round?

Watering

Will the tree be watered regularly after planting (at least once per week for the first year)?

Soil Quality

Soil quality testing is useful for understanding the growing conditions at your site and selecting a tree that’s likely to do well there.

Have you had your soil quality tested?

Texture Class:

Soil Respiration:

pH:

Organic Matter:

Calculate

Select Your score

Scoring ranges from 4-12.

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Hybrid Elms
Ulmus x spp.
Ulmus x spp., or hybrid elms, are hybrids of native and Asian species. They are typically resistant to Dutch Elm Disease and phloem necrosis, making them a resilient choice for urban environments. It prefers full sun, and moist, well-drained soils, but will usually adapt to various types of soil and weather conditions. They also demonstrate resistance to pests such as the elm leaf beetle and leafminer. Some cultivars have poor branch attachments, making them susceptible to storm breakage at maturity.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Japanese Zelkova
Zelkova serrata
Zelkova serrata, or Japanese zelkova, has a native range that encompasses eastern Asia including Japan, Taiwan, and eastern China. It prefers moist, well-draining loamy soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It is a drought-tolerant tree that can withstand wind and is resistant to Dutch Elm Disease and elm leaf beetle. This species adapts well to urban conditions and can thrive in both acidic and alkaline soils, though it does not tolerate wet sites. Zelkova serrata drops a moderate number of leaves and small, papery fruits, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the leaf drop and fruit litter that require regular cleanup.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Rock Elm, Cork Elm - Restoration Sites Only
Ulmus thomasii
Ulmus thomasii, commonly known as rock elm, is a native tree species primarily found in southeastern Ontario, particularly in the Kingston to Ottawa region. Rock elm can also be spotted along some roadsides in the Golden Horseshoe area. It is suitable for sandy, loamy, and clay soils, and prefers well-drained soil. While attractive in form, rock elm faces challenges, particularly from Dutch Elm Disease, a significant threat that also affects other native elms. Promoting the planting and preservation of rock elm where appropriate can help ensure its presence continues in the landscape. An alternative tree to plant is Ulmus hybrids or Ulmus americana.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Scotch Elm, Wych Elm - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Ulmus glabra
Ulmus glabra, commonly known as Scotch elm or Wych elm, is not recommended to plant, due to its susceptibility to Dutch elm disease. It is a fast-growing deciduous tree native throughout Europe with its furthest northern range in Finland. It thrives in a variety of conditions, preferring full sun and well-drained soils but is adaptable to both dry and moist environments. It thrives in a variety of conditions, preferring full sun and well-drained soils but is adaptable to both dry and moist environments. Once a popular shade tree, due to Dutch elm disease it has stopped being used. An alternative tree to plant is Ulmus hybrids or Ulmus americana.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Siberian Elm; Dwarf Asiatic Elm - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Ulmus pumila
Ulmus pumila, commonly known as Siberian elm, is not recommended to plant, due to invasive tendencies. It is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to Eastern Siberia, northern China, and Turkmenistan. This tree typically reaches heights of 50 to 70 feet with a similar spread. It thrives in a variety of conditions, preferring full sun and well-drained soils but is adaptable to both dry and moist environments. Ulmus pumila drops a significant number of leaves and small, winged seeds, with the heaviest shedding in the spring. It is considered moderately messy due to the seed litter and leaf drop that require regular cleanup. It is a common tree of abandoned properties, salty roadsides and disturbed urban areas with compacted soils. An alternative tree to plant is Ulmus hybrids or Ulmus americana.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Crimean Linden
Tilia x euchlora
Tilia x euchlora, or crimean linden, is highly tolerant of urban conditions and produces flowers with rich, sugary nectar that attracts bees and butterflies. It prefers moist, fertile, well-drained loams, but adapts to a range of soil conditions. The tree generally experiences few serious insect or disease issues, showing greater resistance to aphids, than other lindens, which reduces the likelihood of honeydew drop and sooty molds. While verticillium wilt can be fatal, it occurs infrequently. Tilia x euchlora drops a significant number of leaves and small, fragrant flowers, with the heaviest shedding in the summer.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Slippery Elm, Red Elm - Restoration Sites Only
Ulmus rubra
Ulmus rubra, or slippery elm, is native to eastern North America, ranging from southwestern Maine to southern Quebec, south to northernmost Florida, and west to eastern Texas. It is known for its large size, reaching heights of 40 to 60 feet and widths of 30 to 50 feet. It thrives in moist, well-drained clay or loamy soils and prefers full sun to partial shade. Unfortunately, like all native elms, Ulmus rubra is susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease. An alternative tree to plant is Ulmus hybrids or Ulmus americana.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Ulmus parvifolia
Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as Chinese elm or Lacebark elm, is not recommended to plant, due to invasive tendencies. It is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to eastern Asia, specifically China, Korea and Japan. It thrives in a variety of conditions, preferring full sun and well-drained soils but is adaptable to both dry and moist environments. It thrives in a variety of conditions, preferring full sun and well-drained soils but is adaptable to both dry and moist environments. Ulmus parvifolia drops a significant number of leaves and small, winged seeds, with the heaviest shedding in the spring. It is considered moderately messy due to the seed litter and leaf drop that require regular cleanup. It is a common tree of abandoned properties, salty roadsides and disturbed urban areas with compacted soils. An alternative tree to plant is Ulmus hybrids or Ulmus americana.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Canadian hemlock, Eastern hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
Tsuga canadensis, or Canadian hemlock, is native to eastern North American and thrives in well-drained locations. While somewhat adaptable to pH levels, it prefers acidic soil, and cool, moist but typically well-drained conditions. This slow-growing tree grows in light shade and sheltered sunny locations but will not typically thrive when planted in deep shade. Sunscorch and drought can cause significant damage, potentially killing the tree. Healthy trees can withstand the various diseases and pests that are known to impact this tree including leaf blight, cankers, blister and needle rusts, and sapwood rot. The invasive insect, hemlock wooly adelgid is threatening the future of this species in eastern Canada. There are treatment options for trees with light infestations, but untreated trees will typically succumb to this pest within a few years.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Evergreen
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
American Elm, White Elm, Gray Elm - Use DED Resistant Cultivars
Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, commonly known as American elm, white elm or Gray elm, is native to eastern North America, ranging from eastern North America, occurring from Nova Scotia west to Alberta and Montana, and south to Florida and central Texas. It is known for its large size, reaching heights of 60 to 80 feet and widths of 40 to 70 feet. It thrives in moist, well-drained clay or loamy soils and prefers full sun to partial shade. Unfortunately, like all native elms, Ulmus america is susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease. For plantings use Ulmus americana cultivars that are Dutch elm disease resistant.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
White Linden, Silver Linden
Tilia tomentosa
Tilia tomentosa, or white linden, is a non-native species originating in southeastern Europe and western Asia. This species is the most drought-resistant of the linden species and has good tolerance for urban conditions. It prefers a well-draining loamy soil and requires full sun for best growth. It is adaptable to soil pH and has slightly better drought tolerance than other lindens. Lindens typically drop a significant number of leaves each fall and fragrant flowers which attract numerous pollinators in the summer. It is considered moderately messy due to the flower litter and leaf drop that require regular cleanup.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Swedish Whitebeam
Sorbus intermedia
Sorbus intermedia, or Swedish whitebeam, is a non-native to Ontario originating in northwestern Europe. Swedish whitebeam prefers moist, acidic and well-drained soil, in full sun. This species is well adapted to cool mountain climates, and may struggle in hot, humid conditions. This tree species has been planted across North America as a beautiful ornamental tree.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Oakleaf Mountain Ash
Sorbus x thuringiaca
Sorbus x thuringiaca, or oakleaf mountain ash, is a hybrid tree resulting from the cross between Sorbus aucuparia and Sorbus aria, both of which are native to Europe. Oakleaf mountain ash are adaptable to a wide range of soil pH levels, from acidic to alkaline, and thrive in full sun. It is relatively disease-resistant, with no major insect or disease issues reported, making it an easy choice for planting. This tree can also be successfully transplanted as a bare root. A notable cultivar, Fastigiata, has a fastigiate form and grows to twice the height of the standard species. The oakleaf mountain ash is valued for its aesthetic appeal, environmental tolerance, and ease of care, making it a versatile addition to both residential and commercial landscapes. Sorbus x thuringiaca drops small fruits and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Littleleaf Linden
Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata, or littleleaf linden, is a non-native to Ontario originating in Europe and western Asia, but is often planted in North American cities due to its fragrant flowers and tolerance of many urban pressures. It grows well on deep, fertile, well-drained loam and clay soils, with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. While it generally faces few serious insect or disease issues, Japanese beetles can skeletonize the foliage, so it's best not to plant it in heavily infested areas.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Basswood, American Lindon
Tilia americana
Tilia americana, or basswood, is native to Ontario with a natural range extending from southeastern Manitoba and New Brunswick, south to northeastern Oklahoma, and east to New Jersey. It prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade, but can tolerate some drought. Typically not as tolerant to air pollution, this tree species is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions that makes it ideal for residential/gentle urban landscapes. Tilia americana drops a significant number of leaves in the fall and small fragrant flowers in the summer.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Sassafras, Common Sassafras
Sassafras albidum
Sassafras albidum, or sassafras, is a native North American tree belonging to the Laurel family, found throughout Eastern North America. It prefers moist, well-drained, acidic, loamy soils, but can tolerate dry and sandy soils, and even clay as long as it does not have poor drainage. It thrives in full sun to part shade, making it suitable for a variety of garden locations, including naturalized plantings, screens, or as a striking lawn specimen. Considered somewhat aggressive since it spreads through suckers quite readily. Sassafras is a hardy tree, adaptable to USDA Zones 4 to 9. In its native range, sassafras can be found in wood margins, thickets, roadsides, and fields in large colonies. Crushed leaves have a fragrant lemony scent. Sassafras is relatively free of insect and disease problems, although it can suffer from chlorosis in alkaline soils. It is also tolerant of deer, drought, and black walnut trees. Sassafras albidum drops a moderate number of leaves and small seed clusters, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Eastern White Cedar, Eastern Arborvitae, American Arborvitae
Thuja occidentalis
Thuja occidentalis, or white cedar, is a versatile evergreen tree native to eastern and central North America. Typically reaching heights of 20 to 40 feet in cultivation, mature trees in the wild can grow up to 60 feet tall. This species thrives in well-drained, medium moisture soils and prefers full sun to partial shade. It is tolerant of a variety of soil conditions, including clay and wet soils for short periods of time, but struggles in dry conditions and is not tolerant of prolonged flooding. It can also experience winter burn in exposed locations and may suffer from damage due to ice and snow accumulation and it is not highly tolerant of salt. Numerous cultivars have been developed, offering different growth habits and tolerances, such as 'Smaragd' and 'Nigra,' which are noted for maintaining their green colour in winter. The species has a broad ecological range and is well-suited for use in residential and park settings, adding both aesthetic and functional value to gardens and landscapes.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 � 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Giant Arborvitae, Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
Thuja plicata, or western red cedar, is non-native to Ontario originating in the Pacific Northwest, extending from southern Alaska along the Pacific coast to northern California, and eastward into the northern Rockies of British Columbia and Montana. It grows best in humus-rich, well-drained soils, and is adaptable to different pH levels but does not tolerate drought or dry winds. Due to its shallow rooting and intolerance of high/dry head, it is not recommended for planting in urban areas.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Showy Mountain Ash
Sorbus decora
Sorbus decora, or showy mountain ash, is native to eastern North America with a range extending from Labrador to scattered populations in North Carolina. It prefers moist soils and is sensitive to hot, humid summers and urban pollution. This short-lived small tree is mostly found on acidic soil. It produces fruits that are attractive to birds and mammals and provides essential winter food for wildlife. Sorbus decora drops small fruits and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
English Yew, Common Yew
Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata, or English yew is non-native to Ontario, originating in Europe with a range that extends down to Northern Africa. It prefers a well-draining loam soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It tolerates pruning well and responds positively to it, and can be grown as a hedge. However, all parts of the plant are toxic and can be fatal if ingested by humans, domestic animals, or livestock. The English yew is intolerant of temperature extremes and is not reliably winter hardy, making it susceptible to winter burn in exposed sites. It should be planted in a sheltered area to minimize exposure to cold winter winds. Insect pests such as mealybugs, scale, and vine weevils can also affect this plant. Deer also browse the foliage heavily in winter.
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Bald Cypress, Deciduous Cypress
Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichum, or bald cypress, is a deciduous conifer non-native to Ontario, originating in the southeastern United States, with a range extending from Maryland to Texas and up the Mississippi River. This species is well adapted to a variety of soil types, from wet flood prone areas to drier, upland locations. With a pyramidal shape, it can reach 50 to 70 feet in height, making it an excellent choice for large parks, streetscapes, and rain gardens, but not ideal for areas with limited soil volume. It is highly tolerant of salt, clay, and air pollution, making it suitable for urban landscapes. There are several cultivars, such as 'Cascade Falls,' a weeping variety, and 'Green Whisper,' a tall pyramidal form, which offer a range of growth habits and aesthetic options. Although it generally faces few insect or disease issues, it can suffer from chlorosis in alkaline soils.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
Yes
Common Lilac - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Syringa vulgaris
Syringa vulgaris, or common lilac, are considered invasive in Ontario and most of Canada due to prolific suckering and are not recommended to plant. The native range includes rocky hills and open woodlands in southeastern Europe. It prefers rich, moist, neutral to calcareous soil with good drainage. It is known for its sweet fragrance, and is found commonly in hedges in urban areas. For better airflow to prevent mildew, it's recommended to prune the center of the plant and to prune immediately after flowering. Some suitable alternatives are the Amelanchier and the Halesia carolina.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Japanese Lilac Tree - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Syringa reticulata
Syringa reticulata, or Japanese lilac tree, is non-native to Ontario originating in Eastern Asia. It prefers well-drained, fertile soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH, with full sun to partial shade. The common cultivar ivory silk is now overplanted in Ontario, and planting is recommended only for particular sites requiring a low-profile salt/compaction tolerant tree. It should be pruned after flowering and benefits from good air circulation. Full sun is necessary for prolific flower production, and the tree attracts hummingbirds, insect pollinators, and butterflies, providing shelter and habitat for wildlife. It is considered one of the most trouble-free lilacs but should not be planted near natural areas and is currently closely monitored for emerging invasiveness. Syringa reticulata drops small seed pods and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. Some suitable alternatives are the Amelanchier and the Halesia carolina.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
European Mountain Ash, Rowan Tree - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia, or European mountain ash, is non-native to Ontario, originating in Europe and Western Asia and is considered to have invasive tendencies as it is known to naturalize and outcompete native trees and shrubs in North America. It prefers a moist, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter, and does not do well in waterlogged or overly dry soil. This species is often short-lived and does not tolerate compacted soil. Its fruits provide a valuable food source for birds, but it is known for having poor branch connections. It is considered moderately messy due to the fruit drop and leaf litter that require regular cleanup. A good alternative is Sorbus americana.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
American Mountain Ash
Sorbus americana
Sorbus americana, or American mountain ash is native to Ontario with a natural range for eastern North America from Quebec and Ontario to Georgia. American mountain ash is not a �true� ash, and as such is not susceptible to the emerald ash borer. It is best grown in moist, acidic, humusy, well drained soils in full sun. It is not resilient to urban stresses and may be best suited for park and restoration plantings. Young stems and thin bark require protection from winter browsing. The seeds are reported to be poisonous, but the fruits are enjoyed by many birds and mammals. Sorbus americana drops small fruits and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
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