Tree-of-Heaven, Ailanthus, Chinese-Sumach - INVASIVE DO NOT PLANT
Ailanthus altissima

Description

Ailanthus altissima, or tree of heaven, is not recommended to plant, due to this species being highly invasive, spreading underground and via seeds. They are non-native to Ontario, originating from China and North Vietnam. This tree can grow under a variety of soil conditions including poor and rocky soils, but prefers well-draining soils. Despite the tree of heaven�s bright colours and name, this species is currently illegal to plant in Canada. It spreads aggressively, inhibits surrounding plant growth, and attracts both the invasive Spotted Lanternfly, which threatens grapes and the wine industry and the invasive brown marmorated stink bug. With weak wood, it�s prone to storm damage and pests like bagworms and Japanese beetles. It also creates a mess with its litter and emits an unpleasant odour when its bark is scratched. A more suitable species to plant instead is Celtis occidentalis, which are readily available in the nursery industry.
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Planting Site and Native Range

Planting Site

Management Notes

Management Notes
Known to naturalize or become highly invasive in certain regions Soft wood is susceptible to breakage Short-lived

Tree Characteristics

Growth Rate
Fast (60cm or more per year)
Width
8 - 15m
Height
12 - 20m
Soil Quantity
>30 m
Leaves
Deciduous

Insects and Diseases

Insects and Diseases
No serious or common issues in the urban environment. Verticillium wilt can be an issue, which can cause branch/ limb death and severe cases can cause tree mortality.

Tree Tolerances

Soil Salt Tolerance
Tolerant
Salt Spray Tolerance
Tolerant
Flooding Tolerance
Moderate
Drought Tolerance
Very High
pH Tolerance
Tolerant of acid to alkaline soil (5.0 to 8.0)
Shade Tolerance
Full Sun Part Shade
Plant Hardiness Zone
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
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