Fraser Fir
Abies fraseri

Description

Abies fraseri, or fraser fir, is a non-native tree to Ontario but native to southern Appalachia in the USA and faces challenges from various threats from pests and disease. Its natural population is declining due to the impact of the balsam woolly adelgid, a European aphid-like insect. The species typically grows in shallow soils and is well-adapted to survive long-term under dense canopies but will not thrive in full shade. Although it does best in pH levels between 6.0 and 7.0, it can tolerate acidic to alkaline pH levels (5.0 to 8.0). The fraser fir is valued for its role in watershed protection, its scenic appeal, and minimal maintenance. Fraser fir tends to be difficult to transplant and may require additional irrigation to help it through its establishment phase.
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Planting Site and Native Range

Planting Site
Parks, Residential

Management Notes

Management Notes
Less urban tolerant than most firs

Tree Characteristics

Growth Rate
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
Width
5 - 8m
Height
9 - 15m
Soil Quantity
0 - 10 m
Leaves
Evergreen

Insects and Diseases

Insects and Diseases
No serious or common issues in the urban environment. This tree is highly susceptible to balsam woolly adelgid. Due to the low density of plantings in urban areas, this pest has not become a major problem in the urban environment.

Tree Tolerances

Soil Salt Tolerance
Unknown
Salt Spray Tolerance
Unknown
Flooding Tolerance
Low
Drought Tolerance
Low
pH Tolerance
Tolerant of acid to alkaline soil (5.0 to 8.0)
Shade Tolerance
Full Sun Part Shade
Plant Hardiness Zone
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
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