Kentucky Coffeetree
Gymnocladus dioicus

Description

Gymnocladus dioicus, or Kentucky coffeetree, is a resilient, low-maintenance tree native to Ontario, ideal for urban conditions. The native range of the Kentucky coffeetree extends from the southern Great Lakes region in the United States, east to New York, and south to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Tennessee, with a very small, restricted Canadian population in southwestern Ontario. It thrives in moist, well-drained soils and full sun, tolerating drought, pollution, and alkaline pH. The tree gets its name from the seeds, which were once ground and roasted by Native Americans and early settlers to make a coffee-like beverage (though raw seeds are toxic). Known for its striking winter silhouette, the tree is largely pest free and perfect for large lawns and parks. Male trees are preferred for their lack of seed pods, while female trees, though visually striking, can be messy due to bulky seed pods and leaf drop.
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Planting Site and Native Range

Planting Site
Naturalization, Parks, Highway, Residential, Wide Median, Restricted Urban

Management Notes

Management Notes
Male trees do not set fruit, solving potential litter issues Seeds and leaves may be poisonous to human

Tree Characteristics

Growth Rate
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
Width
12 - 17m
Height
18 - 24m
Soil Quantity
>30 m
Leaves
Deciduous

Insects and Diseases

Insects and Diseases
No serious or common issues in the urban environment.

Tree Tolerances

Soil Salt Tolerance
Tolerant
Salt Spray Tolerance
Tolerant
Flooding Tolerance
Moderate
Drought Tolerance
Very High
pH Tolerance
Tolerant of acid to alkaline soil (5.0 to 8.0)
Shade Tolerance
Full Sun
Plant Hardiness Zone
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
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