Use the filters below to help find the best tree for your planting site. Click on each of the filters to learn more about them.

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Planting Site

Where are you planting your tree(s)?

Landscape Ontario Recommended

Hardiness Zone

Your hardiness zone is determined by the coldest temperature your area experiences. Choosing a tree that's suited to your zone means it's more likely to make it through the winter and thrive.
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Do you know your hardiness zone?

Soil Quantity

Soil quantity is the amount of soil around your tree that is available forits roots to grow into. Assuming a 1 meter soil depth, how much space is available around your tree?

Sunlight

Different tree types have varying sunlight requirements during the growing season.

Thinking about how much sunlight your planting site receives. Is it:

Height

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How tall do you envision your tree once its fully grown?

Remember, how close your tree is planted to other objects will affect its height. Here's a guide:

Taller trees (over 8 meters) should be planted at least 8 meters away from powerlines.

Medium-height trees (between 6 to 8 meters) should be planted 3 meters away.

Smaller trees (under 3 meters) can be planted safely under powerlines.

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Canopy

The tree canopy is like a leafy umbrella formed by the branches and leaves at the top of a tree. It's the upper layer of branches and foliage that creates shade and shelters everything beneath it. Think of it as the "roof" of the tree.

How wide do you want the canopy of your has fully grown?

Drainage

One way to tell how much drainage a site has is to see whether water pools after a heavy rain.

Does water tend to pool at your site after a heavy rain?

Still not sure?

If it hasn’t rained recently in your area, you can determine the drainage of your site yourself:

1. Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep.

2. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain completely.

3. Fill the hole again and measure the water depth every 2 hours. A medium-draining soil will drop at least 5cm every 2 hours, any slower and you have a poor draining soil, any faster and you have a high draining soil.

Salt Tolerance

Will this tree be planted close (less than 5 meters) to a road/sidewalk that is salted in the winter?

Growth Rate

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Trees grow at different speeds, some trees grow quickly, while others grow more slowly.
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How fast do you want your tree to grow?

Native Species

A native species is a type of plant that naturally occurs in a specific region and has adapted to the local climate, soil and other factors. Depending on the availability of native species, it may be more feasible to choose non-native species that serve a similar function to native ones, for example by providing a habitat for local wildlife or preventing erosion.
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I am looking for a species:

Deciduous or Evergreen

There are two main types of trees: Evergreen and Deciduous. Evergreen trees have leaves year round. Pine trees are an example of evergreen trees. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. Maple trees are an example of deciduous trees.

Do you want your tree to have leaves year-round?

Watering

Will the tree be watered regularly after planting (at least once per week for the first year)?

Soil Quality

Soil quality testing is useful for understanding the growing conditions at your site and selecting a tree that’s likely to do well there.

Have you had your soil quality tested?

Texture Class:

Soil Respiration:

pH:

Organic Matter:

Calculate

Select Your score

Scoring ranges from 4-12.

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Pawpaw
Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba, or pawpaw, native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America, is a small understory tree known for its striking purple flowers and large, edible fruit that resembles bananas in flavor and consistency. However, the fruit can be poisonous when unripe, and the seeds contain alkaloids that can cause vomiting. It can tolerate occasional wet or moist soil conditions, but prefers well-drained, acidic soil. The tree faces minimal pest and disease issues but can be messy with large seasonal fruit, leaves, and flowers dropping. It is a good choice for damp areas along ponds and streams and can grow in partial shade.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Smooth Serviceberry
Amelanchier laevis
Amelanchier laevis, or smooth serviceberry, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout northeastern North America. This species is an easy-to-grow understory tree that offers year-round interest with its attractive features. It thrives in medium, well-drained soil, particularly loams, and part-shade or full sun and is classified. Known for their edible berries, they grow at a medium to fast rate but are sensitive to drought and relatively short-lived. Occasional pruning to remove older branches will keep the tree vigorous. It can be challenging to transplant and spring transplanting with care for the roots is recommended for best results.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Apple Serviceberry
Amelanchier x grandiflora
Amelanchier x grandiflora, or apple serviceberry, is a hybrid species between the Downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) and Smooth serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis), both native trees to Ontario. It prefers medium moisture, well-drained loam soil, and full sun to part shade. It is susceptible to heat and drought, with shallow roots that benefit from mulch to retain moisture and regulate temperature. It is mildly deer-resistant and attracts birds with its fruit. The tree is generally free of major insect and disease issues, though it may occasionally experience powdery mildew and it can be difficult to transplant.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Devil�s Walking Stick - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Aralia spinosa
Aralia spinosa, or devil's walking stick, is not recommended to plant, due to invasive tendencies. It is non-native to Ontario and ranges throughout the southeastern United States.� It spreads aggressively through rhizomes, suckers, and is self-seeding, making it unsuitable for small spaces. It can tolerate a wide range of soils. While it prefers moist humusy soils, it will grow in rocky and clay based soils. It also tolerates urban pollution. Handling the plant can cause allergic skin reactions, and it is mildly poisonous if ingested. Regular removal of root suckers is necessary to control its spread. While it faces minimal pest or disease issues, it is susceptible to leaf spots and has large, sharp thorns on its stems. The plant is moderately messy, with seasonal fruit, leaves, and seeds dropping. Although it tolerates urban pollutants, it should be planted in sheltered areas to avoid wind damage.
Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
No
Tree-of-Heaven, Ailanthus, Chinese-Sumach - INVASIVE DO NOT PLANT
Ailanthus altissima
Ailanthus altissima, or tree of heaven, is not recommended to plant, due to this species being highly invasive, spreading underground and via seeds. They are non-native to Ontario, originating from China and North Vietnam. This tree can grow under a variety of soil conditions including poor and rocky soils, but prefers well-draining soils. Despite the tree of heaven�s bright colours and name, this species is currently illegal to plant in Canada. It spreads aggressively, inhibits surrounding plant growth, and attracts both the invasive Spotted Lanternfly, which threatens grapes and the wine industry and the invasive brown marmorated stink bug. With weak wood, it�s prone to storm damage and pests like bagworms and Japanese beetles. It also creates a mess with its litter and emits an unpleasant odour when its bark is scratched. A more suitable species to plant instead is Celtis occidentalis, which are readily available in the nursery industry.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Shadblow Serviceberry, Canada Serviceberry
Amelanchier canadensis
Amelanchier canadensis, or shadblow serviceberry, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America. This species is a visually striking understory tree that captivates throughout three seasons: with fragrant spring flowers, edible purple berries, and vibrant red and orange foliage in the fall. It prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soils and tolerates full sun to partial shade. It is commonly found in the nursery industry and does not have severe pest or disease issues. The tree is somewhat salt-tolerant but is not well-suited to urban soil conditions or heat island planting sites. It is moderately resistant to deer, tolerant to occasional flooding or wet sites and is often found growing in clumps, making it suitable for woodland and forest environments. It is moderately difficult to transplant.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Downy Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea
Amelanchier arborea, or downy serviceberry, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America. This species is valued for its showy clusters of flowers and is often used ornamentally. However, it is rarely found in the nursery industry and is moderately difficult to transplant with its slow root system growth. It grows best in moderately fertile and well-drained soil that is slightly acidic. It prefers a multistem growth form in full sunlight sites, but can grow a single trunk in partially shaded areas. The downy serviceberry thrives in woodland edges and naturalized settings, making it an excellent choice for urban landscapes, though it does not tolerate pollution well. The berries produced are edible and have hybrid cultivars between downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) and allegheny serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis).
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Speckled Alder
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa or speckled alder, is a low, clump-forming shrub or small tree that is native to Ontario and ranges throughout� eastern North America and is best suited for moist, open areas. Speckled alder can tolerate clay soil, dry sites, occasional flooding, and wet sites, but not prolonged flooding. This species requires slightly acidic, to neutral pH (7.0), and will become chloric in alkaline soil. It is commonly found in the nursery industry and is a wonderful alternative to the European alder. The stunning species serves as a larval host for the Green Comma butterfly.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
European Alder - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Alnus glutinosa
Alnus glutinosa, or European alder, is not recommended to plant, due to invasive tendencies. This species is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in Europe, western Asia, and North Africa, and rarely found in the nursery industry. It prefers moist to wet soils, with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0, with an ideal soil composition being a mix of clay, silt, and sand. It is known to be aggressive and overshadow native trees, altering soil chemistry and biology that makes it challenging for native species to grow. Although it is occasionally planted for soil rehabilitation on degraded sites, it poses a significant threat to wetland and riparian habitats. As an alternative, consider planting Betula papyrifera.
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Red Buckeye
Aesculus pavia
Aesculus pavia, or red buckeye, is a non-native species, originating in southeastern United States. This tree species is valued for its vibrant flowers and versatility in the landscape. While it�s not commonly found in the nursery trade, the ruby-red horse-chestnut (cross between horse-chestnut and red buckeye - Aesculus x carnea) offers a similar alternative and is more widely available. It can grow in well-drained soil to dry soil with full sun to part shade, but prefers moist, fertile soils. While it is considered messy due to its spiky seed pods and toxic nuts, it excels as a specimen tree, screen, or hedge. Although it�s challenging to transplant, red buckeye tolerates a range of conditions, including occasional drought and road salt.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
Yes
Red Horse-Chestnut
Aesculus x carnea
Aesculus x carnea, or red horse-chestnut, is a hybrid tree resulting from the cross between horse-chestnut and red buckeye that is commonly found in the nursery industry. It prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soils, but can grow in slightly alkaline soil. It is less susceptible to leaf blotch and mildew than horse-chestnut and red buckeye but is still prone to these diseases. Red horse-chestnut as a hybrid produces fewer nuts compared to other Aesculus species. They are difficult to transplant due to their taproot and may require additional irrigation to help it establish in more urban areas. A cultivar, the ruby horse-chestnut, has nearly absent seed pods that make them a better alternative in urban street plantings, while the more common cultivar is the Ft McNair 'Fort McNair' horsechesnut.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Ohio Buckeye, Fetid Buckeye
Aesculus glabra
Aesculus glabra, or Ohio buckeye, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout the western and lower Great Plains regions of the United States, extending southeast into the Black Belt of Alabama and Mississippi, with a small, isolated population in southwestern Ontario. It prefers well-drained, non-droughty soil, and can tolerate higher pH levels. Ohio buckeye can be commonly found in the nursery industry. They are well suited for remote landscapes such as parks, open spaces, or woodland areas but can be difficult to transplant due to the presence of a taproot. Ohio Buckeye is messy, producing spiky seeds and leaf litter and is not recommended to be planted along streets or residential areas as the nuts are poisonous, and when the tree is bruised can emit an unpleasant odour.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Common Horse Chestnut, European Horse-chestnut - Plant with Caution
Aesculus hippocastanum
Aesculus hippocastanum, or common horse chestnut, is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in the Balkans in Europe. Cultivars are commonly found in the nursery industry but are not recommended to be planted in urban settings as it produces poisonous nuts and may have invasive tendencies adjacent to naturalized areas. This species grows in nearly any urban soil, including alkaline soils. They are resistant to most diseases and pests but are prone to leaf scorch, powdery mildew, bark and leaf blotch (not serious threats). The species is considered extremely messy, producing prickly seed pods and bark debris, but cultivars such as Aesculus hippocastanum (Baumannii), are available where the fruit is nearly absent and can be a better choice for urban street tree plantings. The horse chestnut is related to the Ohio buckeye and is easily distinguished by its spiny fruit and sticky buds. It is difficult to transplant but does demonstrate tolerance for clay texture, alkaline pH, and road salt soil, while producing stunning spring flowers.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Freeman Maple
Acer x freemanii
Acer x freemanii, or freeman maple, a hybrid between red and silver maples, is native to Ontario and is commonly found in the nursery industry with numerous cultivars available. The species combines the strong branch attachment and striking fall colour of red maple with the fast growth rate, drought-tolerance and broader soil-type-range of silver maple. It prefers well-drained, moist, acidic soil in the full sun to partial shade, and can tolerate heavy clay soils. An observed issue with Freeman maples is that they develop multiple tight crotches with enclosed bark - which can result in crown breakage in mature trees. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree. Some areas of Canada are seeing an over-planting of freeman maple, and therefore it's advisable to look at local diversity at the site before planting.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Yellow Buckeye
Aesculus flava
Aesculus flava, or yellow buckeye, is not native to Ontario, originating just south from the Appalachian region of the eastern United States. This tree can be difficult to find in the nursery industry. This native species is tolerant of a wide range of soil types from well drained coarse soil, to poorly drained clay soil, as well as alkaline soil tolerant. Its bloom in the spring attracts a wide range of pollinators. The rich dark green leaves rarely suffer from leaf scorch and end their growing season with shades of pumpkin, salmon pink or red. Unique to the yellow buckeye is its fruit not having spikes.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
Yes
Shantung Maple
Acer truncatum and hybrids
Acer truncatum, or shantung maple, is a non-native species originating from China, Japan, and Korea. It thrives in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH, and prefers loamy or sandy soil. It is commonly found in the nursery trade and its smaller size makes it suitable in a variety of urban settings, including under utility lines. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree. Although adaptable and hardy, it remains relatively uncommon based on limited data.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Black Maple, Black Sugar Maple
Acer nigrum
Acer nigrum, or black maple, now classified as a subspecies of sugar maple (Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum), is native to Ontario, and is found in the eastern and central United States, extending into southern Canada in southern Ontario and Quebec. It is valued for its dense, rounded crown, dark furrowed bark, and vibrant fall colors. It prefers well-drained rich soils, and has limited availability in the nursery industry but can be commonly planted in urban environments and is a recommended urban tree. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree. Black maple suffers from salt, drought, and air pollution. While it is not suited to hostile urban sites it can make an excellent tree for gardens, residential areas and parks with large lawns (similar to sugar maples).
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Three-flowered Maple
Acer triflorum
Acer triflorum, or the three flowered maple, is a non-native species originating from northeastern China and Korea. It prefers acidic soil and is salt tolerant, but is intolerant of alkaline soils, soil compaction, and wet soils. It prefers sun to partial shade, and does best in moist, but well-drained soils. This species is not commonly available in nurseries due to its complex seed dormancy and limited success with cuttings, but may become popular in the future due to its aesthetic features. It is one of the few trees to develop good fall colour in shade.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
Yes
Mountain Maple
Acer spicatum
Acer spicatum, or mountain maples, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout northeastern North America but are extremely rare in the nursery industry. A substitute that is more readily available at nurseries is the striped maple, also called moose maple (Acer pensylvanicum). Mountain maples are resistant to most diseases and insects but require protection from wind and sun but are relatively easy to transplant. The hardy, shade-adapted species can prevent erosion on streambanks and steep slopes. These small maples, with the most northerly range among maples, adapt to various soils and support wildlife such as rabbits, deer, moose, and ruffed grouse. Though important in riparian systems, they are not well-suited for cultivation.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Tatarian Maple - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Acer tataricum
Acer tataricum, or tatarian maple, is not recommended to plant as the industry is debating it being synonymous with Acer ginnala, and as a species with invasive tendencies. This species is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in eastern Europe, Central Asia and Russia. It prefers well-drained loamy soil, but can tolerate a range of soil conditions. The species is commonly available at nurseries but are moderately messy with their seeds and leaves dropping seasonally. They are relatively easy to transplant. For an alternative, consider planting Acer rubrum.
Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Sugar Maple
Acer saccharum
Acer saccharum, or sugar maple, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America and has its famous leaf shape displayed on Canada�s flag as the national tree. It prefers a slightly acidic, moist, well-drained soil. The species is commonly found in the nursery industry and thrive best in open parks, lawns, or large residential areas, providing excellent shade. Planting along roadsides is not recommended as sugar maples are not tolerant to salt, pollution, or soil compaction, but otherwise are easily transplanted. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Norway Maple - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Acer platanoides
Acer platanoides, or Norway maple, is non-native with a natural range of continental Europe and not recommended to plant as it spreads easily and dominates urban woodlots. Norway maple has previously been overplanted as a street tree in parts of Canada as it is highly adaptable, thriving in various environments and urban settings due to its tolerance of pollutants like sulfur dioxide and ozone. It does best when planted in moist well-drained soil, and kept from drying out. It has shallow roots that can damage pavements and is a prolific seed producer, leading to its invasion of forests and edges. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree. Although this species has invasive tendencies, it is commonly found in nurseries due to its popularity in urban landscapes. Other suitable species to plant instead include the Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum and Acer saccharinum.
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Sycamore Maple - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer pseudoplatanus, or sycamore maple, is not recommended to plant, due to invasive tendencies and the large quantities of seeds it can produce. This species is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in continental Europe and western Asia. They are not overly particular to one type of soil, but do best in well-drained soil, rich in organic matter. Sycamore maple trees are tolerant of salt and many pollutants, making them tolerant to urban settings and can be transplanted with some ease. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree. For an alternative, consider planting Acer rubrum, Acer miyabei, sugar maple, and silver maple.
Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Silver Maple, Soft Maple
Acer saccharinum
Acer saccharinum, or silver maple, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America and is a great selection when planting on floodplains, edges of streams or rivers, and in low woods. They prefer moist, well-drained soil, but can tolerate wet conditions and periodic flooding. They are commonly found in the nursery industry and can intake vast amounts of water that can support areas prone to poor drainage or can be integrated into rain gardens. Their shallow roots may damage nearby sidewalks and their brittle branches are prone to storm damage, making regular pruning essential. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Red Maple, Swamp Maple, Soft Maple
Acer rubrum
Acer rubrum, or red maple, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America, thriving on a wide range of soil types and tolerating wet, flooded soils for prolonged periods of time. They are commonly found in the nursery industry and are ideal to plant in urban environments. Not recommended for urban areas with alkaline, and fine textured soils (chlorosis generally occurs). The species can be easily transplanted. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
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