Use the filters below to help find the best tree for your planting site. Click on each of the filters to learn more about them.

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Planting Site

Where are you planting your tree(s)?

Landscape Ontario Recommended

Hardiness Zone

Your hardiness zone is determined by the coldest temperature your area experiences. Choosing a tree that's suited to your zone means it's more likely to make it through the winter and thrive.
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Do you know your hardiness zone?

Soil Quantity

Soil quantity is the amount of soil around your tree that is available forits roots to grow into. Assuming a 1 meter soil depth, how much space is available around your tree?

Sunlight

Different tree types have varying sunlight requirements during the growing season.

Thinking about how much sunlight your planting site receives. Is it:

Height

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How tall do you envision your tree once its fully grown?

Remember, how close your tree is planted to other objects will affect its height. Here's a guide:

Taller trees (over 8 meters) should be planted at least 8 meters away from powerlines.

Medium-height trees (between 6 to 8 meters) should be planted 3 meters away.

Smaller trees (under 3 meters) can be planted safely under powerlines.

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Canopy

The tree canopy is like a leafy umbrella formed by the branches and leaves at the top of a tree. It's the upper layer of branches and foliage that creates shade and shelters everything beneath it. Think of it as the "roof" of the tree.

How wide do you want the canopy of your has fully grown?

Drainage

One way to tell how much drainage a site has is to see whether water pools after a heavy rain.

Does water tend to pool at your site after a heavy rain?

Still not sure?

If it hasn’t rained recently in your area, you can determine the drainage of your site yourself:

1. Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep.

2. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain completely.

3. Fill the hole again and measure the water depth every 2 hours. A medium-draining soil will drop at least 5cm every 2 hours, any slower and you have a poor draining soil, any faster and you have a high draining soil.

Salt Tolerance

Will this tree be planted close (less than 5 meters) to a road/sidewalk that is salted in the winter?

Growth Rate

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Trees grow at different speeds, some trees grow quickly, while others grow more slowly.
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How fast do you want your tree to grow?

Native Species

A native species is a type of plant that naturally occurs in a specific region and has adapted to the local climate, soil and other factors. Depending on the availability of native species, it may be more feasible to choose non-native species that serve a similar function to native ones, for example by providing a habitat for local wildlife or preventing erosion.
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I am looking for a species:

Deciduous or Evergreen

There are two main types of trees: Evergreen and Deciduous. Evergreen trees have leaves year round. Pine trees are an example of evergreen trees. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. Maple trees are an example of deciduous trees.

Do you want your tree to have leaves year-round?

Watering

Will the tree be watered regularly after planting (at least once per week for the first year)?

Soil Quality

Soil quality testing is useful for understanding the growing conditions at your site and selecting a tree that’s likely to do well there.

Have you had your soil quality tested?

Texture Class:

Soil Respiration:

pH:

Organic Matter:

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Select Your score

Scoring ranges from 4-12.

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Pagoda Dogwood, Alternate-Leaf Dogwood
Cornus alternifolia
Cornus alternifolia or pagoda dogwood is native to Ontario and is known for its elegant, tiered branching that resembles a pagoda. Its range extends across eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southern Manitoba and Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Mississippi. Thriving in partial shade to full sun, it prefers cool, moist, acidic, well-drained soils but adapts well to poorer soils and clay. While generally low-maintenance, pagoda dogwood may be susceptible to certain issues like Cryptodiaporthe canker, leaf spot, and occasional pests. Regular sucker removal helps maintain healthy growth, and the tree benefits from consistent moisture and mulching during its establishment phase. Ideal for shaded or partially shaded landscapes, it�s a beautiful specimen tree for woodlands or naturalized areas. While sucker removal is key to maintaining healthy growth, pagoda dogwood is often a short-lived tree and some should be kept around to ensure the tree's survival.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Yellowwood, American Yellowwood
Cladrastis kentukea
Cladrastis kentukea or yellowwood is a resilient, medium to large deciduous tree native to North America. Its range is restricted to the southeastern United States, extending from western North Carolina west to eastern Oklahoma and from southern Missouri and Indiana south to central Alabama. It thrives in well-drained soils and adapts to both alkaline and acidic conditions. Although rare in its native range and slow growing in its early years, once established, it becomes drought and road salt tolerant, making it a perfect choice for parks or open fields, offering excellent shade. While often requiring corrective pruning, pruning in late winter or spring may cause sap leakage, and its weak branches can be vulnerable to snow, ice, or windstorms. The tree produces beautiful clusters of flowers that attract pollinators.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
Yes
Yellow Cedar, Alaskan Cedar
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, also known as Alaskan cedar, is non-native species to Ontario with a natural range in the coastal mountains of the Pacific Northwest, including the Cascades, ranging from the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska to the Klamath Mountains in northernmost California. This species thrives in moist, loamy soil and sunny, well-drained sites. Known for its durable, fungi-resistant wood and resistance to insect damage, it's a great screen or hedge species for landscapes. The tree tolerates both summer pruning and pollution.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Evergreen
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Shagbark Hickory, Upland Hickory
Carya ovata
Carya ovata, or shagbark hickory, is a large tree, native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern US and Canada that provides excellent shade, and reaches heights of 70 to 90 feet. It thrives in moist, well-drained soils and full sun to part shade, making it perfect for larger landscapes and parks. While it adapts to various soil types, including alkaline and occasionally flooded sites, it grows best in rich, loamy soils. Shagbark hickory has a deep taproot, making transplanting tricky, but it�s easier if done in spring. It is considered messy due to its fallen nuts, leaves, and shedding bark. It�s a resilient tree with minimal pest or disease issues but common ones include hickory bark beetles, pecan weevils, twig girdlers, white heart rot. Despite its slow growth, its shade and natural beauty make it a valuable addition to any landscape. Currently limited availability in the landscape, but with proper seed collection can become more available.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Atlantic White Cedar
Chamaecyparis thyoides
Chamaecyparis thyoides, also known as Atlantic white cedar, is a non-native species to Ontario with a natural range in the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from southern Maine to Georgia, and along the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Mississippi. Thriving in wet areas with poor drainage, such as ponds, streams, and bogs, this species is ideal for pollinators, rain gardens, providing winter cover for wildlife, and serving as a larval host plant for butterflies. Pruning is usually unnecessary, but it should be sheltered from strong winds.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Evergreen
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Hackberry, Northern Hackberry, Common Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis
Celtis occidentalis or Hackberry, is a resilient native to Ontario tree valued for its adaptability. It is found across North America, ranging from southern Ontario and Quebec through parts of New England, south to the Appalachian region of North Carolina, west to northern Oklahoma, and north to North Dakota. Hackberry is well-suited for urban and rural settings, thriving in alkaline, moist, well-drained soils, and tolerating occasional drought and flooding. It can be a prolific seeder, and the aggressive seedlings can out-compete other Ontario natives in forests. Hackberry is known in the US for successfully invading disturbed waste sites in the urban environment. Tolerant of wind, pollution, and various soil conditions, including wet, dry, and poor soils, it thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 2 to 9, reaching heights of 40 to 60 feet.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score, 12 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Katsura Tree
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Cercidiphyllum japonicum, or katsura tree, a non-native species from China and Japan, is valued for its attractive foliage, which starts red/purple, matures to green with a bluish tint, and turns vibrant shades of red, gold, and orange in the fall. It thrives in larger spaces and requires ample water for establishment, as well as protection from strong winds and afternoon sun. The tree is tolerant of alkaline and clay soils, road salt, and wet sites. While it generally faces few serious pest or disease issues, it can be stressed by drought and wind, leading to leaf scorch. Transplanting can be moderately challenging, and the tree may experience bark splitting. It is somewhat resistant to deer and requires low maintenance, though there may be some mess from small seed pods and leaves.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
Yes
Eastern Redbud, Redbud
Cercis canadensis
Cercis canadensis, or Eastern redbud, is a striking deciduous tree native to Ontario, known for its vibrant pink or purple flowers and heart-shaped leaves that turn yellow in autumn. Its range extends across eastern and central North America, from southern Ontario and the Great Lakes region south to western Texas, Florida, and central Mexico. It thrives in full sun to part shade and adapts to various soils, except consistent wet conditions, making it ideal for urban landscapes, woodland edges, or naturalized areas. While it may shed small flowers and seed pods, the tree supports wildlife with its blooms and fruit, and its edible flowers are often used in salads. It seeds aggressively into gardens. To maintain this species health, regular pruning is required to maintain small crotches.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Sugar Hackberry
Celtis laevigata
Celtis laevigata or sugar hackberry is a hardy, is a non-native species to Ontario, originating from the southeastern United States west to Texas and south to northeastern Mexico, and it is also found on the island of Bermuda. It can grow in a wide variety of soils, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but prefers well-drained acidic soil. This species is well-suited for urban environments due to its strong resistance to pollution, soil compaction, nutrient poor soil and drought tolerance. It produces sweet, edible red/purple fruits that attract birds and mammals and serves as a host for the Hackberry Emperor butterfly and various moth larvae. This species is often confused with the species Celtis iguanaea and Celtis tenuifolia. Although currently limited availability exists in the tree nursery, this tree could become more popular as demand grows.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score, 12 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
No
Northern Catalpa
Catalpa speciosa
Catalpa speciosa or Northern catalpa is native to the Midwestern United States, ranging from southern Illinois and Indiana to western Tennessee and northern Arkansas. Although non-native to Ontario, it has naturalized here. It is a fast-growing, potentially aggressive ornamental tree that adapts well to diverse soil conditions, from dry, rocky terrain to mildly swampy areas. Reaching up to 50 feet, it provides excellent shade, making it ideal for large landscapes and parks. Its stunning flowers bloom in late spring and summer, and it attracts pollinators like bees, wasps, and flies. Though it has brittle wood and produces significant litter from flowers, leaves, and long seed pods, its beauty and shade make it a great addition to any landscape.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
No
American Chestnut - Restoration Sites Only
Castanea dentata
Castanea dentata, or American chestnut, native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America, from southern Maine and southern Ontario to Georgia and Mississippi, is a towering tree that can reach heights of 50-75 feet with a similar spread. It prefers full or partial sun, mesic to dry conditions, and slightly acidic soil that contains loam, clay or rocky material. Due to chestnut blight, it is critically endangered, and planting non-resistant trees is not recommended except for restoration purposes and to maintain the population. It is messy with its edible nuts enclosed in spiny burrs, large leaf drops in the fall, and occasional twigs or branches while also posing challenges transplanting with its deep taproot. Ongoing breeding programs aim to develop blight-resistant varieties, but for now this tree is planted for conservation efforts. Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) hybridizes with this species, which makes conservation programs a challenge to protect this species genetic diversity.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Mockernut Hickory, White Hickory
Carya tomentosa
Carya tomentosa, or mockernut hickory, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America. This species is a slow-growing, long-lived tree that provides valuable wildlife support, serving as a food source for the larvae of the Banded Hairstreak butterfly and Hickory Horned Devil moth, as well as birds and small mammals. It prefers full to partial sun, and grows best in dry-mesic conditions, and deep fertile loam. Although considered messy, particularly in autumn due to fallen nuts (edible), husks, and leaf drop, it offers significant ecological benefits. With regular maintenance, this tree makes a fantastic addition to landscapes, providing both beauty and habitat for local wildlife. Currently limited availability in the landscape, but with proper seed collection can become more available.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Shellbark Hickory
Carya laciniosa
Carya laciniosa, or shellbark hickory, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout North America, specifically from New York and southern Ontario south to Tennessee and Oklahoma. This species is a slow-growing, long-lived tree valued for its sweet, edible nuts. It prefers well-drained, moist conditions, and partial to full sun. Since it requires ample space to thrive, it�s a great choice for larger landscapes. Known for its deep taproot, transplanting can be challenging. Tolerant of occasional flooding and wet sites, it attracts wildlife like birds, small animals, and browsers. Although it faces few serious pest or disease issues, it can occasionally be affected by the hickory bark beetle, pecan weevil, twig girdler, and hickory shuck worm, which may reduce seed production. With its large nuts (largest amongst hickory trees), thick husks, and exfoliating bark, the shellbark hickory can be messy, but its beauty and wildlife benefits make it a valuable addition to plantings. Currently limited availability in the landscape, but with proper seed collection can become more available.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Pignut Hickory, Red Hickory, False Shagbark Hickory
Carya glabra
Carya glabra, or pignut hickory, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern United States and Canada. This species is a large canopy tree, typically growing 50 to 80 feet tall with a rounded crown. Thriving in full sun to part shade, it prefers well-drained, moist soils and tolerates a range of conditions, including occasional drought. Pignut hickory provides valuable wildlife habitat but is susceptible to pests like hickory bark beetles, twig girdlers and pecan weevils. With a long taproot, transplanting is difficult, but easier done in spring. While it produces bitter, inedible nuts and husks in the fall, it remains a beneficial tree for landscapes with no other cultivars. Currently limited availability in the landscape, but with proper seed collection can become more available.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Bitternut Hickory, Swamp Hickory
Carya cordiformis
Carya cordiformis, or bitternut hickory, is native to Ontario and ranges through eastern North America, specifically from southwestern New Hampshire and southern Quebec, west to southern Ontario, central Michigan, and northern Minnesota, and south to eastern Texas and northern Florida. It prefers well-drained, moist soils and does well in full sun to part shade, but has demonstrated good drought tolerance in the summer. This magnificent tree reaches 50 to 80 feet, offering a broad, columnar shape and irregular crown. Thriving in a variety of habitats, from moist valleys to dry uplands, this resilient tree is free from major pest or disease issues. Known for its impressive shade canopy, it tolerates occasional flooding and salt spray. Though moderately messy in fall due to fallen nuts that are bitter and inedible as well as its leaf drop, its benefits make it a valuable addition to any landscape. Currently limited availability in the landscape, but with proper seed collection can become more available.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Blue-Beech, American Hornbeam, Musclewood, Ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
Carpinus caroliniana, or Blue-beech, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout the eastern United States and extends into Canada in southwest Quebec and southeast Ontario. Carpinus caroliniana makes an ideal understory tree that reaches 20 to 35 feet. Known for its distinctive, muscle-like fluted bark and attractive globular form, this slow-growing deciduous tree thrives in part to full shade and prefers moist, well-drained soils. Tolerating periodic flooding, it�s often found along streams and in rich woodlands but also does well in upland sites and gardens. With low maintenance needs and few pest or disease issues, it makes a great addition to residential, park, or naturalized landscapes.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
European Hornbeam, Common Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus, or European hornbeam, is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in western Asia and the European Pyrenees. European Hornbeam is a deciduous tree that, while adaptable and low maintenance, may not be the best choice for planting. It requires moist, well-drained soil for optimal growth, preferably loam, or sandy loam. It grows to 30 to 60 feet, offering good shade and visual appeal, but its rapid reproduction could lead to overpopulation in certain areas. While it is generally pest and disease-free, it�s mostly used as a hedge in landscapes.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
Yes
Caragana arborescens
Caragana arborescens, or Siberian pea-tree, is not recommended to plant due to its tendency to spread aggressively. This species is a non-native, hardy, low-maintenance shrub from Siberia and China, often used as an understock for decorative cultivars. While it is resilient and tolerant of heat, wind, cold, salt, and poor soils, it is not recommended for planting due to its reputation as a messy shrub in Ontario. The plant's prolific seed production can lead to dense seedling populations, and its small thorns can be an unexpected inconvenience. However, its early leaf sprouting and extended photosynthesis period give it a competitive advantage over other plants and is tolerant of heat, wind, cold, salt, and poor soil conditions.
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Manitoba Maple - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT�
Acer negundo
Acer negundo, or Manitoba/ boxelder maple, is not recommended to plant as it spreads and dominates forest stands easily (weedy), despite being native to Canada. As a result, it is not commonly available in the nursery. Manitoba maple is a hardy and fast-growing tree, but is prone to storm damage which gives it a short life span. It prefers a well-drained loamy soil, and can tolerate a range of soil types, however, it performs best in nutrient-rich, slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is advisable to prune in the late spring (June), as cutting may cause sap to leak from the wounds. While this can impact the tree's appearance, it does not harm the tree. The Auditor General of Ontario has specifically flagged this tree species as a concern in the nursery trades ("Value-for-Money Audit � Management of Invasive Species," 2022) and as such should not be recommended for planting. For an alternative native tree species, consider Amelanchier spp., or Acer rubrum.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
European White Birch, Silver Birch, Weeping Birch - Plant with Caution
Betula pendula
Betula pendula, or European white birch, is recommended to plant with caution as this species is highly susceptible to bronze birch borer. This species is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in Europe and Asia. It prefers well-drained, moist soils, but can also tolerate dry, sandy soils and can adapt to different soil pH levels. While it may seem visually appealing, its aggressive growth habits make it problematic in many landscapes. It also struggles in hot, humid climates, making it difficult to maintain in many regions. Additionally, its bark sheds, and it produces messy fallen leaves and seed clusters. With its aggressive nature, high maintenance needs and vulnerability to pests, this tree is often best avoided in favor of more resilient native alternatives, like Betula nigra.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Gray Birch, Wire Birch
Betula populifolia
Betula populifolia, or gray birch, is a resilient, narrow, pyramidal tree native to Ontario and cooler climates in southeastern Canada (Quebec to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) and south through New England and upstate New York to Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Reaching 20 to 40 feet, it features striking chalky white bark with dark chevron patterns, enhancing any landscape. Thriving in poor, well-drained soils, it tolerates both dry and wet conditions, making it versatile for diverse environments. With moderate resistance to the bronze birch borer, it performs best in full sun and is ideal for residential areas, parks and naturalization areas. It naturally spreads through self-seeding and creates beautiful stands, while its subtle flowers and drooping cone-like fruits add interest. Though it may shed bark and produce fallen nutlets, its unique appeal and adaptability make it a great planting choice.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
River Birch
Betula nigra
Betula nigra, commonly referred to as river birch, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout and ranges throughout North America. This species is a fast-growing birch known for its striking exfoliating bark. It can tolerate various soil conditions including sand, loam, and clay, but prefers moist well-drained soils, and is tolerant of occasional periods of drought once it has established. A popular and common cultivar in the nursery is Heritage� (�Cully�) and Dura Heat� (�BNMTF�), offering enhanced heat and drought tolerance, a pyramidal form, and vibrant pinkish-orange bark. Dura Heat is resistant to pests like the bronze birch borer and aphids, and performs well in warmer climates with superior bark color and foliage resilience. Both cultivars are well-suited for urban landscapes, though they can be moderately messy with fallen seeds and leaves. Planting single specimens in groups will result in longer life.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
Yes
White Birch, Paper Birch, Canoe Birch
Betula papyrifera
Betula papyrifera, also known as the paper birch, or canoe birch, is a beautiful, Ontario-native tree known for its striking white bark. It thrives in acidic, moist, well-drained soils and full sun. While resilient, it can be susceptible to pests and diseases like bronze birch borer, aphids, and leaf miners, though Renaissance cultivars offer slightly greater resistance to the borer. Paper birch prefers cooler, dry conditions and may struggle in warmer, humid environments or urban areas with high pollution. With proper care, it adds elegance to many landscapes as a specimen tree. White birch should not be a first choice for planting in urban conditions unless space is provided to plant several.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch, Black Birch
Betula lenta
Betula lenta, commonly known as sweet birch, is native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern North America, specifically from southern Maine westward to southern Ontario, and south through the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia. This species is best suited for residential and park settings. Hardy in USDA Zones 3 to 8, birches prefer moist, well-drained soils but can tolerate a variety of soil types, including alkaline and clay soils. This tree can reach heights of 40 to 75 feet, and is recognized for its strong wintergreen scent when its leaves or bark are crushed. Birch trees are attractive, resilient trees that provide ecological benefits and versatile uses in landscaping and commercial applications. Although this species availability is rare in the nursery, with proper seed collection this species can become more available.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Yellow Birch, Swamp Birch
Betula alleghaniensis
Betula alleghaniensis, or yellow birch, native to Ontario and ranges throughout eastern Canada to Minnesota and south along the Appalachians to northern Georgia. It reaches heights of 60 to 75 feet and thrives in full sun to partial shade. This species prefers rich, moist, acidic soils, and it is well-suited for forests or streambanks in cooler regions. While it tolerates some alkaline and wet sites, it struggles in hot, dry conditions. This low-maintenance tree provides aesthetic and ecological value, making it an excellent choice for residential landscapes, parks, and naturalized areas.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
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