Use the filters below to help find the best tree for your planting site. Click on each of the filters to learn more about them.

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Planting Site

Where are you planting your tree(s)?

Watering

Will the tree be watered regularly after planting (at least once per week for the first year)?

Soil Quality

Soil quality testing is useful for understanding the growing conditions at your site and selecting a tree that’s likely to do well there.

Have you had your soil quality tested?

Texture Class:

Soil Respiration:

pH:

Organic Matter:

Calculate
Your score:

Soil Quantity

Soil quantity is the amount of soil around your tree that is available forits roots to grow into. Assuming a 1 meter soil depth, how much space is available around your tree?

Hardiness Zone

Your hardiness zone is determined by the coldest temperature your area experiences. Choosing a tree that's suited to your zone means it's more likely to make it through the winter and thrive.
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Do you know your hardiness zone?

Sunlight

Different tree types have varying sunlight requirements during the growing season.

Thinking about how much sunlight your planting site receives. Is it:

Drainage

One way to tell how much drainage a site has is to see whether water pools after a heavy rain.

Does water tend to pool at your site after a heavy rain?

If it hasn’t rained recently in your area, you can determine the drainage of your site yourself:

1. Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep.

2. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain completely.

3. Fill the hole again and measure the water depth every 2 hours. A medium-draining soil will drop at least 5cm every 2 hours, any slower and you have a poor draining soil, any faster and you have a high draining soil.

Salt Tolerance

Will this tree be planted close (less than 5 meters) to a road/sidewalk that is salted in the winter?

Deciduous or Evergreen

There are two main types of trees: Evergreen and Deciduous. Evergreen trees have leaves year round. Pine trees are an example of evergreen trees. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. Maple trees are an example of deciduous trees.

Do you want your tree to have leaves year-round?

Height

Clear

How tall do you envision your tree once its fully grown?

Remember, how close your tree is planted to other objects will affect its height. Here's a guide:

Taller trees (over 8 meters) should be planted at least 8 meters away from powerlines.

Medium-height trees (between 6 to 8 meters) should be planted 3 meters away.

Smaller trees (under 3 meters) can be planted safely under powerlines.

Canopy

Clear

The tree canopy is like a leafy umbrella formed by the branches and leaves at the top of a tree. It's the upper layer of branches and foliage that creates shade and shelters everything beneath it. Think of it as the "roof" of the tree.

How wide do you want the canopy of your has fully grown?

Growth Rate

Clear

Trees grow at different speeds, some trees grow quickly, while others grow more slowly.
‍
How fast do you want your tree to grow?

Native Species

A native species is a type of plant that naturally occurs in a specific region and has adapted to the local climate, soil and other factors. Depending on the availability of native species, it may be more feasible to choose non-native species that serve a similar function to native ones, for example by providing a habitat for local wildlife or preventing erosion.
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I am looking for a species:

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Flowering Crabapple
Malus spp.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
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0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Malus spp., or flowering crabapple, is a popular ornamental tree prized for its blossoms but prone to pests and diseases, including fire blight, scab, cedar-apple rust, and aphids. To thrive, they should be planted in full sunlight with moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soil, and prefer regions with cold winters and cooler summers. They are moderately drought-tolerant once established and can tolerate a range of pH levels. Regular pruning to thin the crown and improve air circulation helps prevent disease. Most crabapples are grafted, so ensure the graft union stays above the soil line. Though somewhat messy due to fallen fruit, crabapples are well suited in a variety of conditions.
Siberian Crab Apple
Malus baccata
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
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11 - 20 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Malus baccata, or Siberian crab apple, is a non-native tree species originating from Siberia, China, and Mongolia, is a hardy tree known for its fragrant blooms and edible fruit, which attract birds. It thrives in full sun with moist, well-drained soil and adapts to a variety of soil conditions. While resistant to common crabapple diseases like fireblight, cedar-apple rust, and leaf spot, it can be susceptible to apple scab. Its large size makes it less suited for small spaces or roadside landscapes. Though somewhat messy with fallen fruit, it offers beauty and benefits in the right setting.
Sweetbay Magnolia
Magnolia virginiana
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
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0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
Magnolia virginiana, or sweetbay magnolia, is native to lowlands and swamps of the Atlantic coastal plain of the eastern United States, from Florida to Long Island, New York. This species is known for its fragrant flowers that bloom over an extended period and attract the sweetbay silkmoth as a larval host. Tolerant of wet, swampy, and boggy soils, it thrives in conditions where most other magnolias cannot. While it faces minimal pest and disease issues, it may be susceptible to magnolia scale and chlorosis in alkaline soils. Pruning should be done after blooming, as dormant magnolias do not heal well. The tree is considered somewhat messy due to its large leaves, sticky flowers, and cone-like fruits that create litter in the fall.
Japanese Larch
Larix kaempferi
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
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21 - 30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
Larix kaempferi, or Japanese larch, is a non-native species, with its native range in Japan. It prefers well-drained soils, but can adapt to different soil conditions, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It can also tolerate pH ranges between 4.5 - 8.5. This tree species thrives in sunny, spacious locations but struggles in shaded, dry, or polluted urban environments.
Bigleaf Magnolia
Magnolia macrophylla
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
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21 - 30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
Magnolia macrophylla, or bigleaf magnolia, native to southeastern US and eastern Mexico, is known for its showy, fragrant flowers and fruit that attract birds, although it typically takes 12 to 15 years for flowers to begin blooming. It thrives in moist, well-drained, organic-rich soils and prefers sun to part shade in sheltered environments. While low maintenance, it can be messy due to large leaves, flowers, and fruit that create litter, especially in fall. The tree can suffer from branch breakage in windstorms, but it has no major insect or disease issues. It tolerates both acidic and alkaline soils, making it a good choice for residential landscapes.
Osage Orange
Maclura pomifera
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
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11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
Maclura pomifera, or osage orange, is native to regions near Ontario. This species is highly adaptable, tolerating urban pollution, a wide range of pH levels, heat, drought, and various soil types. This species is typically not recommended for planting due to its large, rough, inedible fruit that creates significant litter, along with its sharp thorns. This species can form a dense, thorny barrier and suckers freely, forming potential colonies of plants. Although this is a deterring factor, the thornless and fruitless cultivar White Shield 'White Shield' osage orange is a great choice for urban landscapes. This species is highly adaptable, tolerating urban pollution, a wide range of pH levels, heat, drought, and various soil types. Another cultivar includes Wichita 'wichita', which is a mostly thornless variety.
Cucumber Tree, Cucumber Tree Magnolia
Magnolia acuminata
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
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>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Magnolia acuminata, or cucumber tree magnolia, is native and endangered in Ontario and thrives in moist, organically rich, well-drained loams with full sun to part shade. The native range of the cucumber tree extends across eastern North America, from southern Ontario and western New York southward to Georgia and westward to Arkansas. It is sensitive to soil extremes and urban pollutants, making it best suited for parks or large lawns rather than urban streets. While it can be messy due to its large leaves, flowers, and long cucumber-like seeds, it is a valuable addition to landscapes.
Tamarack, Eastern Larch, American Larch
Larix laricina
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
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21 - 30 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Larix laricina, or tamarack, also known as eastern larch or American larch, is native to Ontario, and found across Canada and thrives in moist, well-drained soils with full sun, preferring cooler climates, which makes it ideal for northern regions. Commonly found in wetlands, it grows best with consistent moisture and in natural, less disturbed areas. Tamarack tolerates light shade but needs full sun to grow with quick growth rates. It can struggle in hot, humid conditions and urban environments. Its shallow root system makes it prone to wind throw, so it should be planted in sheltered locations. Tamarack is low-maintenance, fast-growing once established, and great for naturalizing areas, though it sheds a significant number of golden needles in the fall, adding to debris.
Amur Maackia
Maackia amurensis
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
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11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
Maackia amurensis, or amur maackia, native to Manchuria and Korea and is an excellent choice for smaller landscapes, especially under power lines. It prefers well-drained soil that is either acidic or alkaline, including rocky terrain, and does best in full sun to part shade. This tree produces lightly fragrant white flowers in early summer that attract pollinators.. With minimal maintenance required beyond some initial pruning, it adapts well to a variety of conditions and is free from serious pest or disease issues. As a legume, it also helps enrich the soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. While it can be messy, shedding bark, large leaves, long seed pods, and small pea-like flowers, its unique qualities make it a great addition to the landscape.
Sweetgum, American Sweetgum, Redgum, Starleaf-gum
Liquidambar styraciflua
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
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>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
Liquidambar styracifula, or sweetgum, is native to regions just outside Ontario, and thrives in full sun and moist, well-drained soils, and is adaptable to various soil types, with the exception of alkaline soils. Its sap has been used for products like chewing gum, perfume, and medicines. Sweetgum is a great choice for parks, offering shade and versatility, as it is resistant to deer and rabbits, and tolerant of salt and black walnut toxicity. Though the tree sheds spiky seed pods in fall and winter, making it challenging to maintain near sidewalks, the cultivar 'cherokee' can reduce seed pod litter.
Tulip Tree, Tulip Magnolia, Tulip Poplar, Yellow Poplar, Whitewood
Liriodendron tulipifera
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
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>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Liriodendron tulipifera, or tulip tree, is native to Ontario and thrives in moist, organically rich, well-drained loams. As one of the largest native species in eastern North America, specifically from southern Ontario and Vermont, west to Michigan and Illinois, south to Louisiana and east to northern Florida, it requires consistent moisture to stay healthy and avoid leaf yellowing. While generally low maintenance, continual pruning is recommended due to its quick growth and sometimes weak branch architecture. Despite these challenges, tulip trees are adaptable to various environments and are excellent shade trees.
European Larch
Larix decidua
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
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11 - 20 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Larix decidua, or European larch, is a non-native species with its native range primarily in the mountainous regions of central and eastern Europe, particularly in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains. Unlike most conifers, it sheds its needles in the winter. It prefers deep, well-structured and aerated soils, but can also grow on shallow stony soils. Young trees establish slowly, but once established will have quicker growth rates. It is tolerant of temporary flooding and wet conditions but requires ample space to fully develop. In the fall, it sheds a large number of golden-yellow needles, creating a blanket of foliage on the ground.
Golden rain tree - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Koelreuteria paniculata
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
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21 - 30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
The Koelreuteria paniculata or golden rain tree is not recommended to plant, due to its aggressive tendencies. This tree species originates from Asia, more specifically China, Japan and Korea. It prefers well-drained soil, and full sun to partial shade. Golden rain trees grow quickly and are self-pollinated, allowing them to escape cultivation and threaten native vegetation. Better alternatives to plant include Celtis occidentalis, Ostrya virginiana or Carpinus caroliniana.
Golden chain tree - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Laburnum x watereri
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
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0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Laburnum x watereri, or golden chain tree, is a hybrid, non-native species from Europe, thriving in full sun to partial shade, with well-drained soil that is alkaline soil tolerant. This tree species is not recommended to plant as the tree produces chemical compounds that are highly toxic, especially the fruit and can cause symptoms such as vomiting, drowsiness, weakness, sweating, pallor, and headaches. Although poisonous, this hybrid is known for its striking yellow flowers, which fall in spring and can create a blanket of petals on the ground. Better alternatives to plant include Celtis occidentalis, Ostrya virginiana, Cercis canadensis or Carpinus caroliniana.
Eastern Red Cedar, Eastern Juniper, Red Juniper
Juniperus virginiana
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape
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0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Evergreen
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Juniperus virginiana, or eastern red cedar, is native to Ontario with a natural range extending from Nova Scotia and southern Ontario in Canada, south to northern Florida and eastern Texas in the United States. This species thrives in diverse soil conditions, from swamps to dry, rocky glades, though it prefers moist, well-drained soils and full sun. Eastern red cedar is quite resilient and is the most drought-resistant conifer in eastern North America, making it ideal for areas with fluctuating moisture. Highly salt-tolerant, it excels in urban landscapes, including roadsides and residential areas. Male plants produce small pollen cones, and female plants develop berry-like cones that ripen to blue gray, offering seasonal interest and food for wildlife.
Black Walnut, American Walnut
Juglans nigra
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
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>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Juglans nigra, or black walnut, also known as American walnut, is native to eastern North America, specifically from southern Ontario, Canada, south to Texas and Florida, and west to Minnesota and South Dakota. While it produces juglone, a chemical toxic to some plants, most tree species do not have an issue being planted with it. Black walnuts thrive in full sun with well-drained, organically rich soils, and are tolerant of both acidic and alkaline soils, as well as salt spray. Its yellow-green fruit feeds wildlife and supports the banded hairstreak butterfly. Though it is messy due to its fallen leaves and hard-shelled nuts, pruning is best done in the dormant season. While slow to produce nuts, black walnuts can yield significant crops after 20 years.
Butternut
Juglans cinerea
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
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>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Juglans cinerea, or butternut, native to eastern and midwestern North America, Ontario, is currently endangered due to the invasive butternut canker disease, which has devastated its population. It prefers deep, moist, well-drained soil, preferably with alkaline conditions to accommodate for their long tap root. While restoration efforts are underway, planting should be approached with caution, as the disease is widespread. Black walnut closely resembles butternut and provides a safer planting alternative, as butternut is also prone to blight, fire, storm damage, and grackle damage. Butternuts tolerate drought and browsing by rabbits but produce juglone, toxic to other plants. It sheds abundant leaves and hard-shelled nuts, leaving significant debris and residues on nearby surfaces, making it extremely messy. Despite these challenges, the tree has historical value, with its fruit once used for dye and its sap boiled for syrup.
Witch-hazel
Hamamelis virginiana
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
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0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Hamamelis virginiana, or witch-hazel is native to Ontario with a natural range from Nova Scotia and Quebec in Canada to Florida and eastern Texas in the United States. It prefers moist, acidic, organically rich soils, and tolerates heavy clay soils. It is a resilient shrub known for its unique floral display and lovely fragrance and thrives in moist, well-drained soils with high organic matter and is perfect for naturalization, parks, and highways. Although slow growing, this species is tolerant of shade, pollution, clay soils, and even road salt. It's ideal for a variety of conditions, though it should be kept away from dry spots. Witch-hazel is deer-resistant, free from serious pest or disease issues, but does require sucker removal.
Seven-Son-Flower
Heptacodium miconioides
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
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0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Heptacodium miconioides, or seven-son-flower, is native to China and is a unique ornamental shrub/small tree that is known for its fountain shape and fragrant white flowers. It prefers sandy loam soils supplemented with fertilizer. It is a great source of nectar for butterflies and hummingbirds and attracts a wide variety of pollinators. It is best to prune this species when young to establish its form, and may widen over time. It thrives in sun, or light shade, is easy to grow, and isn�t fussy about soil type, however it does require regular watering during the establishment phase.
American Holly
Ilex opaca
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
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11 - 20 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Evergreen
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
Ilex opaca, or American holly is a non-native to Ontario, and is a slow-growing evergreen tree that offers fragrant berries on female plants. Native to eastern and south-central United States, ranging from coastal Massachusetts south to central Florida, and west to southeastern Missouri and eastern Texas. Deer-resistant and tolerant of road salt, it thrives in acidic soils with part shade but can suffer in alkaline soils. While it�s best suited for larger landscapes due to its size, it provides valuable nectar for pollinators, and is an attractive addition to your landscape. Both male and female trees are needed for fruit production.
Kentucky Coffeetree
Gymnocladus dioicus
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape
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>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Gymnocladus dioicus, or Kentucky coffeetree, is a resilient, low-maintenance tree native to Ontario, ideal for urban conditions. The native range of the Kentucky coffeetree extends from the southern Great Lakes region in the United States, east to New York, and south to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Tennessee, with a very small, restricted Canadian population in southwestern Ontario. It thrives in moist, well-drained soils and full sun, tolerating drought, pollution, and alkaline pH. The tree gets its name from the seeds, which were once ground and roasted by Native Americans and early settlers to make a coffee-like beverage (though raw seeds are toxic). Known for its striking winter silhouette, the tree is largely pest free and perfect for large lawns and parks. Male trees are preferred for their lack of seed pods, while female trees, though visually striking, can be messy due to bulky seed pods and leaf drop.
Blue Ash - Restoration Sites Only
Fraxinus quadrangulata
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
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>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Fraxinus quadrangulata, or blue ash, is recommended for planting compared to other ash species, but with caution. Research has indicated this species is less susceptible to emerald ash borer than other ash species. Native to central North America, specifically from southwestern Ontario and Michigan to southern Wisconsin, south to West Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, and west to Kansas and Oklahoma. Blue ash thrives in dry to medium wet, well-drained soils and is one of the most tolerant ash species for dry sites. It gets its name from the blue dye that can be extracted from its inner bark. Historically valued as a shade, street, and lawn tree, its adaptability is overshadowed by green ash.
Honey Locust (Thornless), Thornless Common Honeylocust
Gleditsia triacanthos var. Inermis
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape
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>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Gleditsia triacanthos, or honey locust, is a cultivar of a tree native to Ontario. It is a durable, adaptable tree known for its tolerance to various soil conditions, drought, and road salt, as well as its small, yellow leaflets. It grows quickly in moist to well-drained soils, making it popular in urban and suburban landscapes. Overuse has led to potential biodiversity concerns so consider alternative tree options before planting honey locust, especially in park and residential areas.
Ginkgo, Maidenhair Tree
Ginkgo biloba
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
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>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
Ginkgo biloba, or ginkgo, is a non-native to Ontario, originating from China. It is a hardy, low-maintenance tree known for its unique fan-shaped leaves that turn brilliant yellow in the fall. One of the oldest tree species, it is highly resilient, tolerant of salt, heat, drought, alkaline and acidic soil types, making it ideal for urban areas. Often called a "bulletproof" tree, ginkgo is pest-resistant and thrives in poor conditions. To avoid odour, plant male trees, as females produce messy, pungent seeds. Ginkgo grows best in full sun and well-drained, medium-moisture soils. While it grows slowly at first, it eventually develops a strong, spreading canopy.
Pumpkin Ash - Restoration Sites Only
Fraxinus profunda
Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
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>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Fraxinus profunda, or pumpkin ash, is not recommended for planting due to its high susceptibility to the emerald ash borer, which has devastated ash populations. Native to eastern North America, this large tree thrives in moist, wet soil and requires full sun to light shade. Its trunk develops a swollen, buttressed base, giving it a "pumpkin" shape, which is how it gets its name.
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