Use the filters below to help find the best tree for your planting site. Click on each of the filters to learn more about them.

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Planting Site

Where are you planting your tree(s)?

Landscape Ontario Recommended

Hardiness Zone

Your hardiness zone is determined by the coldest temperature your area experiences. Choosing a tree that's suited to your zone means it's more likely to make it through the winter and thrive.
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Do you know your hardiness zone?

Soil Quantity

Soil quantity is the amount of soil around your tree that is available forits roots to grow into. Assuming a 1 meter soil depth, how much space is available around your tree?

Sunlight

Different tree types have varying sunlight requirements during the growing season.

Thinking about how much sunlight your planting site receives. Is it:

Height

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How tall do you envision your tree once its fully grown?

Remember, how close your tree is planted to other objects will affect its height. Here's a guide:

Taller trees (over 8 meters) should be planted at least 8 meters away from powerlines.

Medium-height trees (between 6 to 8 meters) should be planted 3 meters away.

Smaller trees (under 3 meters) can be planted safely under powerlines.

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Canopy

The tree canopy is like a leafy umbrella formed by the branches and leaves at the top of a tree. It's the upper layer of branches and foliage that creates shade and shelters everything beneath it. Think of it as the "roof" of the tree.

How wide do you want the canopy of your has fully grown?

Drainage

One way to tell how much drainage a site has is to see whether water pools after a heavy rain.

Does water tend to pool at your site after a heavy rain?

Still not sure?

If it hasn’t rained recently in your area, you can determine the drainage of your site yourself:

1. Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep.

2. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain completely.

3. Fill the hole again and measure the water depth every 2 hours. A medium-draining soil will drop at least 5cm every 2 hours, any slower and you have a poor draining soil, any faster and you have a high draining soil.

Salt Tolerance

Will this tree be planted close (less than 5 meters) to a road/sidewalk that is salted in the winter?

Growth Rate

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Trees grow at different speeds, some trees grow quickly, while others grow more slowly.
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How fast do you want your tree to grow?

Native Species

A native species is a type of plant that naturally occurs in a specific region and has adapted to the local climate, soil and other factors. Depending on the availability of native species, it may be more feasible to choose non-native species that serve a similar function to native ones, for example by providing a habitat for local wildlife or preventing erosion.
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I am looking for a species:

Deciduous or Evergreen

There are two main types of trees: Evergreen and Deciduous. Evergreen trees have leaves year round. Pine trees are an example of evergreen trees. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. Maple trees are an example of deciduous trees.

Do you want your tree to have leaves year-round?

Watering

Will the tree be watered regularly after planting (at least once per week for the first year)?

Soil Quality

Soil quality testing is useful for understanding the growing conditions at your site and selecting a tree that’s likely to do well there.

Have you had your soil quality tested?

Texture Class:

Soil Respiration:

pH:

Organic Matter:

Calculate

Select Your score

Scoring ranges from 4-12.

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Whitebeam Mountain Ash
Sorbus aria
Sorbus aria, or whitebeam mountain ash, is a non-native to Ontario originating in parts of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia. It prefers moist soils and is sensitive to hot, humid summers and urban pollution. This short-lived small tree is mostly found on acidic soil. It produces fruits that are attractive to birds and mammals and provides essential winter food for wildlife.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Korean Mountain Ash
Sorbus alnifolia
Sorbus alnifolia, or Korean mountain ash, is a non-native tree species originating from China, Korea, and Japan. It prefers cooler conditions and can have poor performance during hot, humid summers. In addition, it prefers moist, acidic, well-drained soils in full sun. It is resistant to borers that commonly affect other mountain ash species, making it one of the best choices for pest resistance and form. It is not tolerant of air pollution nor street-side conditions or high salt, but can withstand strong winds and is easy to transplant. Sorbus alnifolia drops small fruits and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Sierra Redwood
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sequoiadendron giganteum, or sierra redwood, is a non-native tree species in Ontario that naturally grows only on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada range in California. It is a fast-growing tree suited only for very large properties due to rooting requirements. It prefers deep, well-drained acidic, loamy, wet, soils. It is generally intolerant of extreme temperatures. Sequoiadendron giganteum drops a moderate number of needles and small cones, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the needle drop and cone litter that require regular cleanup.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum, or Japanese pagoda tree, is native to China and Korea. It features fragrant summer flowers but may take up to 10 years to bloom. It prefers moist, well-drained soils but can tolerate a range of soil types including loam, clay, and sandy soils, as well as alkaline, dry soils and road salt. Its seeds are reportedly toxic and should not be ingested. When grown in open areas, it tends to branch low to the ground. The tree has weak wood, making it prone to breaking under strong winds, severe weather, or heavy snow. Styphnolobium japonicum drops small, papery seed pods and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. This tree has emerged as an invasive threat in the mid-Atlantic region of the US and should be monitored closely for spread.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Laurel Willow, Bay Willow, Bayleaf Willow
Salix pentandra
Salix pentandra, or Laurel Willow, Bay Willow, Bayleaf Willow, is a non-native tree species, native to Europe and western and central Asia. It is a fast-growing tree highly tolerant of wet sites but has weak wood and is prone to storm damage. It features a shallow root system and is adaptable to various pH levels. Supplemental watering during dry periods and a layer of mulch can help moderate soil temperature and conserve moisture. It creates a litter of leaves, twigs, and branches, and its root system can disrupt drainage systems or concrete. White willow is best suited for larger landscapes. It is considered moderately messy due to the leaf drop and catkin litter.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Black Willow
Salix nigra
Salix nigra, or black willow, is a native North American tree that is fast-growing, short-lived native tree with a shallow root system. It prefers moist to wet soils with good drainage, but can adapt to a variety of soil types, and naturally grows near water sources such as streams, rivers and wetlands. It plays a valuable role in preventing soil erosion and flood damage by binding soil banks. Black willow is generally not advised for residential landscapes due to its susceptibility to breakage, potential pest and disease issues, need for consistently moist soils, litter problems, and its mature size. Salix nigra drops a significant number of leaves and catkins, with the heaviest shedding in the spring. It is considered extremely messy due to the leaf drop and catkin litter that require regular cleanup.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Shining Willow, Pacific Willow
Salix lucida
Salix lucida, or shining willow, is a native northern and western North America shrub that is brittle, fast-growing, and short-lived. Its native range is northern and western North America, occurring in wetland habitats from Alaska and Yukon Territory south to California and New Mexico, and east to eastern Saskatchewan. It prefers a damp heavy soil, but will survive in most soils. It is prone to disease and insect damage but is an important plant for wildlife and rangelands. Shining willow is recommended for restoration projects and is easily propagated. Salix lucida drops a moderate number of leaves and catkins, with the heaviest shedding in the spring.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Black Locust - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia, or black locust, is native to Southern Appalachia with a range that extends from central Pennsylvania to northern Georgia and westward to Arkansas and Oklahoma. This species is not recommended to plant due to its invasive tendencies. It is well-adapted to poor quality soil and is often used in land reclamation projects. While the northern tip of its range is only a few hundred kilometers south of much of Canada, it is considered to have invasive tendencies due to its rapid spread through root sprouts and abundant seeds causing it to crowd out native plant species. The tree can break branches in high winds and feature small thorns. Black locust is in the pea family and its roots fix Nitrogen in the soil.
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
north_america_native
No
Pussy Willow
Salix discolor
Salix discolor, or pussy willow, is a fast-growing short-lived tree/shrub native North America. It thrives in a variety of soil types, but prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soils, and is tolerant of wet conditions. Clipped branches in early spring are often used as a complement in cut floral displays. It is susceptible to insect and disease issues, as well as wind damage. Salix discolor drops a moderate number of leaves and catkins, with the heaviest shedding in the spring. It is considered moderately messy due to the leaf drop and catkin litter that require regular cleanup.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Bebb�s Willow
Salix bebbiana
Salix bebbiana, or bebb's willow, is a short-lived, fast-growing large native tree/shrub that is susceptible to insect and disease issues, as well as wind damage. Its range extends throughout much of Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska and Yukon south to California and Arizona and northeast to Newfoundland and New England. It prefers moist, well-drained soils, and full sun or partial shade environments. It serves as an important larval host for both mourning cloak and viceroy butterflies. Bebb�s willow can be utilized for stream bank erosion control, protecting aquatic environments, enhancing wildlife habitats, and increasing biodiversity. Salix bebbiana drops a moderate number of leaves and catkins, with the heaviest shedding in the spring.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
White Willow
Salix alba
Salix alba, or white willow, is a non-native tree species, native to Europe and western and central Asia. It is a fast-growing tree highly tolerant of wet sites but has weak wood and is prone to storm damage. It features a shallow root system and is adaptable to various pH levels. Supplemental watering during dry periods and a layer of mulch can help moderate soil temperature and conserve moisture. It creates a litter of leaves, twigs, and branches, and its root system can disrupt drainage systems or concrete. White willow is best suited for larger landscapes. It is considered moderately messy due to the leaf drop and catkin litter.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Peachleaf Willow, Almond-Leaf Willow
Salix amygdaloides
Salix amygdaloides, or peachleaf willow, is native to central North America, with a range extending from the Great Lakes region to the eastern United States and much of southern Canada. It prefers moist, boggy, and neutral to acidic soil, located in full sun. Similar to other willows, this tree requires a significant amount of water for growth. It can protect river banks from erosion and is characterized as a short-lived, fast-growing tree. Like other native willows, peachleaf willow acts as a larval host for the mourning cloak and viceroy butterflies. Salix amygdaloides drops a significant number of leaves and catkins, with the heaviest shedding in the spring and is considered moderately messy.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Staghorn Sumac
Rhus typhina
Rhus typhina, or staghorn sumac, is a native eastern North American shrub species that is fast-growing, drought-tolerant small tree generally free of pests and diseases. Native to eastern North America, it is found from southeastern Canada (Quebec, Ontario) to the northeastern and midwestern United States, extending south to Georgia, Indiana, and Iowa. Staghorn sumac can spread aggressively through suckers, forming colonies, making it a good candidate for erosion control, but less ideal for boulevards and yards.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Shumard Oak, Swamp Red Oak
Quercus shumardii
Quercus shumardii, commonly known as shumard oak or swamp red oak, is a large deciduous tree native to the southeastern United States, southwestern Ontario, particularly found in lowlands, floodplains, and swamp edges. This oak grows rapidly in moist, rich soils but is highly adaptable, tolerating drier conditions and a wide range of soil types, including heavy clay and poorly drained soils. Shumard oak is a stress-tolerant tree that thrives in urban environments and can withstand high pH soils, drought, and occasional flooding. It is particularly well-suited for city streets, parks, and rain gardens, offering shade with its pyramidal crown, which broadens with age. The tree grows to a height of 40 to 60 feet, with a similar spread. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. Quercus shumardii drops acorns and a significant number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Black Oak, Yellow-barked Oak
Quercus velutina
Quercus velutina, commonly known as black oak, is a large deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. It thrives in well-drained soils and prefers acidic conditions, though it is adaptable to poor, dry soils, including sandy and clay soils. Black oak is best suited for full sun and is commonly found in upland hills, slopes, and ridges, but can tolerate part shade. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. Black oak is a relatively low-maintenance tree, though it may hold dead branches for extended periods and is not as commonly available in nurseries as other oak species. Quercus velutina drops acorns and a considerable number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
English Oak, Truffle Oak, Pedunculate Oak
Quercus robur
Quercus robur, commonly known as English oak, is a large, deciduous tree native to Europe, Western Asia, and parts of North Africa. This white oak species thrives in full sun and prefers moist, well-drained soils, though it adapts well to a wide range of soil conditions, including alkaline and dry sites. English oak is known for being low-maintenance, but it is susceptible to powdery mildew in humid climates. White oaks are known to be less susceptible to Oak Wilt. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. Several cultivars are available, including the columnar 'Fastigiata,' which is a popular choice for smaller spaces. Quercus robur drops large acorns and a significant number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Willow Oak
Quercus phellos
Quercus phellos, or willow oak, is a medium to large deciduous tree native to the Southeastern U.S. This fast-growing tree thrives in full sun and prefers moist, well-drained soils but is adaptable to a variety of conditions, including clay and wet soils. Willow oak is tolerant of urban pollution, making it a great choice for streets, parks, and large lawns. Notable cultivars include Hightower, which has a dense, uniform form, and Upperton, known for its narrow habit. These cultivars are ideal for various landscaping applications, including rain gardens and floodplains. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. Quercus phellos drops a moderate number of leaves and small acorns, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Red Oak, Northern Red Oak
Quercus rubra
Quercus rubra, commonly known as red oak or northern red oak, is a large, deciduous tree native to eastern North America. Known for its fast growth, the tree can reach heights of 50-75 feet with a similar spread and is highly valued as a shade tree. It thrives in acidic, moist, well-drained soils, preferring sandy loams, but can tolerate a variety of soil conditions, including alkaline, dry, and clay soils. It also has a high tolerance for urban conditions, including air pollution and dry sites, making it an excellent choice for streets, parks, and large lawns. While red oak is generally a durable and long-lived tree, it is susceptible to oak wilt, a deadly fungal disease. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. It is also prone to chlorosis in soils that are not sufficiently acidic. Quercus rubra drops acorns and a substantial number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
Greater than the length of 4 average cars (greater than 21 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Pin Oak, Swamp Oak
Quercus palustris
Quercus palustris, commonly known as the pin oak, is a native to the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. Pin oak is well-suited for moist, acidic soils and is often found in lowlands, floodplains, and stream margins. It thrives in full sun and can tolerate wet and poorly drained soils, though it may be prone to chlorosis in alkaline conditions. Pin oak is a popular shade tree for lawns, streets, and parks. Notable cultivars include Crownright, which has an upright habit and avoids the need for pruning lower branches. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. Quercus palustris drops a significant number of leaves and small acorns, with the heaviest shedding in the fall.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Scots Pine - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Pinus syvestris
Pinus syvestris, or scots pine is not recommended to plant as it has invasive tendencies and is strongly discouraged for planting due to its negative impact on native ecosystems. It creates dense monocultures that prevent native species from thriving and is a vector for pests and diseases such as pine wilt nematode, Sphaeropsis (Diplodia) tip blight, sawflies, moths, and scale. This species is native to western Europe. It prefers acidic, moist, well-drained soils located in full sun, and is intolerant to compacted, clay soils. Its prolific seed production leads to aggressive seedling growth, further spreading the species. Scots pine drops long, slender needles year-round, with a heavier drop in fall and due to its invasive tendencies, it should be avoided in favor of native species. Consider planting Pinus strobus, or Pinus ponderosa instead.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Evergreen
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
White Oak
Quercus alba
Quercus alba, or white oak, is native to eastern and central North America, ranging from southern Maine and Quebec west to Minnesota, south to Texas, and east to Florida. It is best grown in rich, moist, acidic, well-drained loams in full sun, though it adapts well to a variety of soil conditions and is drought tolerant. This long-lived tree is commonly used as a large shade tree, street tree, or lawn tree but requires ample space for growth. They are very slow growing when young, difficult to transplant and not tolerant of alkaline and fine textured soil. Its acorns ripen in fall, which can be a litter issue near sidewalks and patios. Pruning should be done in the dormant season to avoid attracting beetles that carry oak wilt. Quercus alba drops large acorns and a substantial number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the acorn litter and the seasonal leaf drop that requires regular cleanup.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Shingle Oak, Laurel Oak
Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria, or shingle oak is native primarily to the Midwestern and Upper South regions of North America, specifically from Pennsylvania to Iowa and Arkansas, and is particularly common in the Ohio River Valley. This species grows best in rich, humusy, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun but adapts to a variety of soil types, including dry ones. It is a low-maintenance tree with good pest resistance and provides acorns as an important food source for wildlife. It can be pruned for use as a screen or hedge and is suitable for large lawns, parks, or as a street tree. Pruning in the dormant season helps prevent attracting beetles that could carry oak wilt. Despite having a taproot, it is easier to transplant than other oaks and is somewhat salt-tolerant. Quercus imbricaria drops acorns and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the acorn litter and seasonal leaf drop that require regular cleanup.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
Yes
Bur Oak, Blue Oak, Mossycup Oak
Quercus macrocarpa
Quercus macrocarpa, or bur oak, is native to temperate eastern North America with a native range in eastern and southern Ontario, along the southern portion of northwestern Ontario, and infrequently in the southern Algoma District. This species is best grown in full sun and well-drained soils, preferring moist loams, but is adaptable to various soil conditions including heavy clays and urban soils. It has excellent drought tolerance and is a long-lived, low-maintenance tree, though it may take up to 35 years to produce its first crop of acorns. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it an ideal choice for shade and specimen plantings. Pruning during the dormant season helps avoid attracting beetles that spread oak wilt. Quercus macrocarpa drops large acorns and a substantial number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the large acorn litter and abundant leaf drop that require regular cleanup.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score, 12 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
Greater than the length of 4 average cars (greater than 21 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
Chestnut Oak, Basket Oak
Quercus montana
Quercus montana, or chestnut oak, is native to the eastern United States and thrives in full sun and well-drained soils, preferring moist, rich loams but adaptable to dry, rocky soils. It has good drought tolerance and grows tallest in rich, well-drained conditions. Chestnut oak is susceptible to oak diseases like oak wilt, chestnut blight, and anthracnose, along with pests such as scale, oak skeletonizer, and caterpillars. Despite these risks, it is considered low-maintenance and long-lived. This tree is ideal for large lawns or parks and particularly suitable for areas with poor, rocky soils. Pruning during the dormant season helps prevent oak wilt spread. Quercus montana drops acorns and a significant number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the acorn litter and seasonal leaf drop that require regular cleanup.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Chinquapin Oak, Chinkapin Oak
Quercus muehlenbergii
Quercus muehlenbergii, or chinquapin oak, is native to eastern and central North America, ranging from New England and southern Ontario to Minnesota, south to the Florida panhandle, and west to New Mexico and northern Mexico. It is easily grown in full sun and well-drained soils, preferring moist, fertile loams in cultivation but often found in dry, rocky soils in the wild. It is drought-tolerant and can take up to 30 years to bear acorns. Acorns provide valuable food for wildlife. Despite these risks, it is considered a low-maintenance, long-lived tree. Ideal as a shade tree for large lawns or parks, it thrives in rich, deep soils but is also well-suited to alkaline soils. It is also moderately tolerant of urban soils and drought. Prune in the dormant season to prevent attracting beetles that may spread oak wilt. Quercus muehlenbergii drops acorns and a moderate number of leaves, with the heaviest shedding in the fall. It is considered moderately messy due to the acorn litter and seasonal leaf drop that require regular cleanup.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
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