Use the filters below to help find the best tree for your planting site. Click on each of the filters to learn more about them.

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Planting Site

Where are you planting your tree(s)?

Landscape Ontario Recommended

Hardiness Zone

Your hardiness zone is determined by the coldest temperature your area experiences. Choosing a tree that's suited to your zone means it's more likely to make it through the winter and thrive.
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Do you know your hardiness zone?

Soil Quantity

Soil quantity is the amount of soil around your tree that is available forits roots to grow into. Assuming a 1 meter soil depth, how much space is available around your tree?

Sunlight

Different tree types have varying sunlight requirements during the growing season.

Thinking about how much sunlight your planting site receives. Is it:

Height

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How tall do you envision your tree once its fully grown?

Remember, how close your tree is planted to other objects will affect its height. Here's a guide:

Taller trees (over 8 meters) should be planted at least 8 meters away from powerlines.

Medium-height trees (between 6 to 8 meters) should be planted 3 meters away.

Smaller trees (under 3 meters) can be planted safely under powerlines.

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Canopy

The tree canopy is like a leafy umbrella formed by the branches and leaves at the top of a tree. It's the upper layer of branches and foliage that creates shade and shelters everything beneath it. Think of it as the "roof" of the tree.

How wide do you want the canopy of your has fully grown?

Drainage

One way to tell how much drainage a site has is to see whether water pools after a heavy rain.

Does water tend to pool at your site after a heavy rain?

Still not sure?

If it hasn’t rained recently in your area, you can determine the drainage of your site yourself:

1. Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep.

2. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain completely.

3. Fill the hole again and measure the water depth every 2 hours. A medium-draining soil will drop at least 5cm every 2 hours, any slower and you have a poor draining soil, any faster and you have a high draining soil.

Salt Tolerance

Will this tree be planted close (less than 5 meters) to a road/sidewalk that is salted in the winter?

Growth Rate

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Trees grow at different speeds, some trees grow quickly, while others grow more slowly.
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How fast do you want your tree to grow?

Native Species

A native species is a type of plant that naturally occurs in a specific region and has adapted to the local climate, soil and other factors. Depending on the availability of native species, it may be more feasible to choose non-native species that serve a similar function to native ones, for example by providing a habitat for local wildlife or preventing erosion.
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I am looking for a species:

Deciduous or Evergreen

There are two main types of trees: Evergreen and Deciduous. Evergreen trees have leaves year round. Pine trees are an example of evergreen trees. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. Maple trees are an example of deciduous trees.

Do you want your tree to have leaves year-round?

Watering

Will the tree be watered regularly after planting (at least once per week for the first year)?

Soil Quality

Soil quality testing is useful for understanding the growing conditions at your site and selecting a tree that’s likely to do well there.

Have you had your soil quality tested?

Texture Class:

Soil Respiration:

pH:

Organic Matter:

Calculate

Select Your score

Scoring ranges from 4-12.

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Green Ash, Red Ash - Restoration Sites Only
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, or green ash, is not recommended for planting due to its high susceptibility to the emerald ash borer, which has decimated ash populations. This species was once a dominant canopy tree across most municipalities in Ontario. It prefers moist, fertile soils ranging from sandy, to clay loam, with a preference for well-drained conditions. This species, along with the elm, have taught many urban foresters to diversify their canopy.
Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
>30 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Black Ash, Swamp Ash, Hoop Ash - Restoration Sites Only
Fraxinus nigra
Fraxinus nigra, or black ash, is not recommended for planting due to its high susceptibility to the emerald ash borer, which has devastated ash populations. Black ash is native to eastern North America, specifically from western Newfoundland to southeastern Manitoba and south to Iowa, Illinois, and northern Virginia. It prefers moist, swampy conditions that have poor drainage.
Lowland Naturalization: Primary lowland or poorly drained, organic soils
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 2 (a/b) | Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, and there is still standing water, ponding and puddling after 24 hours (poor drainage) | Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, or European beech, is a non-native tree that thrives in alkaline pH soils compared to its native counterpart the American beech. It is native to large parts of Europe. Although tolerant to alkaline pH soil, it struggles in wet, compacted soils and urban environments with heavy foot traffic. It�s best suited for large spaces like parks or open fields, and are generally considered resistant to deer and rabbits. Beech nuts are toxic if consumed raw or unripe, but otherwise are edible. This tree requires continual watering during dry periods and benefits from mulch to retain moisture. This species is very common in the nursery and has high availability.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
White Ash - Not Recommended - Restoration Sites Only
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, or white ash, is not recommended to plant, due to its high vulnerability to the emerald ash borer, a pest that has decimated ash populations in Ontario. While native to Ontario, white ash requires regular insecticide treatments to manage infestations, making it a poor or costly choice in areas affected by the borer. To that end, white ash appears to be more resistant to borer than other ash species except for blue ash. It prefers moist, organically rich, well-drained loamy soils in full sun.
Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
European Ash, Common Ash - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, or European ash, is not recommended for planting due to its susceptibility to the emerald ash borer, which has devastated ash populations. This species is native to western Asia. While it prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun, European ash is vulnerable to storm damage due to brittle branches and can be somewhat messy, shedding large quantities of seeds and leaves in the fall.
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
Taller than a 4 storey house (21 meters +)
Greater than the length of 4 average cars (greater than 21 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Washington Hawthorn
Crataegus phaenopyrum
Crataegus phaenopyrum or Washington hawthorn, is non-native to Ontario with a range that encompasses the eastern half of the United States, from southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey to Florida, and westward to southeastern Missouri. It thrives in well-drained soils, adapts to various pH levels, and tolerates urban pollution. While it supports pollinators with its spring blooms, its thorns make it unsuitable for recreational areas. This hawthorn drops small red fruits in fall and sheds leaves in autumn, creating moderate levels of litter. Transplanting is easiest in spring.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
No
American Beech
Fagus grandifolia
Fagus grandifolia, or American beech, is an native tree to Ontario, with a range spanning the east coast of US and Canada that provides vital wildlife habitat and food source. It prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil and doesn�t tolerate wet or compacted soil. Known for its long lifespan, 200 to 300 years, it produces edible triangular nuts in spiny bracts, ripening in the fall. While American beech is a great addition to woodlands and naturalized areas, it requires careful consideration due to its shallow root system, which makes it susceptible to drought, wet sites, and salt. This species can consume vast quantities of water and with its surface roots may reduce water availability for surrounding plants and garden areas. Beech trees can be moderately messy in autumn due to falling seed husks and leaves, but their ecological benefits make them a wonderful addition to your landscape.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score
>30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Spindle Tree - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus europaeus, or spindle tree, is not recommended to plant, due to its invasive tendencies. It is native to Europe and western Asia. It prefers well-drained sandy soil. All parts of the plant, including berries and flowers are toxic and should not be consumed. It has weedy tendencies, particularly in the Midwest United States, and can spread uncontrollably in garden settings. Consider planting Euonymus atropurpureus as an alternative.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Burning-Bush Euonymus
Euonymus atropurpureus
Euonymus atropurpureus, or burning-bush euonymus, is primarily found in the Midwestern United States, but its range extends from southern Ontario south to northern Florida and Texas. It prefers average to medium well-drained slightly acidic soil in full sun to partial shade. Burning bush is known for its vibrant red fall fruit and colourful foliage, but its poisonous fruit makes it unsuitable for areas frequented by people. Consider alternatives like Rhus aromatica or Rhus typhina. While adaptable to various soils, it requires protection from deer and rabbits.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Russian Olive - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Elaeagnus angustifolia, or Russian olive, is not recommended for planting, due to invasive tendencies. This species is non-native to Ontario with a natural range in Asia and limited areas of eastern Europe. It can thrive under a wide range of soil textures including sand and heavy clay, and can withstand flooding and silting, however, it grows best in deep sandy or loamy soils with only slight salt and alkali content. The tree has an aggressive root system and fast growth rate, and it spreads via birds which allows it to outcompete native species. The Auditor General of Ontario has specifically flagged this tree species as a concern in the nursery trades ("Value-for-Money Audit � Management of Invasive Species," 2022), and as such should not be recommended for planting. For an alternative native to North America, consider Amelanchier spp.
Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
No
Hardy Rubber Tree
Eucommia ulmoides
Eucommia ulmoides, or hardy rubber tree, is a versatile, low-maintenance shade tree with a broad, spreading canopy and glossy green leaves. Native to China, it thrives in full sun and adapts to various pH levels and drought conditions. While its flowers are inconspicuous, the tree�s rounded form makes it a great landscaping choice. As the name suggests, rubber can be created from its sap, though it is too expensive for commercial use. It is generally pest and disease free, though its branches may be susceptible to storm damage. For a durable and attractive shade tree, the hardy rubber tree is a reliable option. Currently limited availability in the nursery, but could become more commercially available with demand.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
>30 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 4 average cars (16-20 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Yes
Common Persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
Diospyros virginiana, or common persimmon, is non-native to Ontario, originating from southern Connecticut and Long Island, south to Florida, and west to Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Iowa, and are appreciated for its fruit and appeal to wildlife. Two trees are needed for fruit production, and it is adaptable to various soil pH and moisture conditions. The tree typically faces few diseases, or insect issues and has a deep root system that supports successful establishment. Leaf spot may occur, but overall, the tree does not suffer from serious pest or disease problems. Diospyros virginiana can be messy due to its sweet, edible fruits that drop in the fall, potentially attracting wildlife and creating litter.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 3 storey house (9-15 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Winter King Hawthorn
Crataegus viridis
Crataegus viridis, or winter king hawthorn, is non-native to Ontario, originating from southeastern U.S. from Virginia to Florida west to Texas and up the Mississippi River valley to Illinois. It grows well in average, dry, and medium well-drained soils in full sun. It is known for its high disease resistance compared to other hawthorn species. It produces edible berries but may be best to leave for other wildlife rather than human consumption. This species is mostly spineless,containing only occasional thorns and is tolerant of pollution, making it suitable for urban environments. However, its flowers have an unpleasant scent.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
No
One-Seeded Hawthorn, Common Hawthorn - NOT RECOMMENDED TO PLANT
Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna, or one-seeded hawthorn, is not recommended to plant, due to its invasive tendencies. Native to Europe and Asia, it aggressively spreads by seed, forming dense, thorny thickets in woodlands and fields. It prefers well-drained soils, but is tolerant of a wide variety of soil conditions and nutrition levels, however, it will not tolerate wet or waterlogged soils. While it faces few pests, it is susceptible to fire blight and should be avoided near orchards. Its seeds are dispersed by birds, further contributing to the suppression of native vegetation. This species is expected to continue spreading across North America, and its introduction should be prevented. Additionally, it can be moderately messy with falling fruits, leaves, and spring flowers. Consider planting thornless cockspur hawthorns (Crataegus crus-galli var. inermis) or other Crataegus species as an alternative.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
Downy Hawthorn
Crataegus mollis
Crataegus mollis or Downy hawthorn, native to Ontario, is a deer-resistant tree that thrives in dry soils. Its range extends from southern Ontario and Michigan to eastern North Dakota, and south to Denison, Texas, and Arizona. It can grow in a range of soil pH, and prefers moist or wet soil, but can tolerate drought. It features attractive flowers and berries but has large, dangerous thorns, requiring careful placement. The tree tolerates pruning but may suffer from rust, scab, and leaf blight, leading to damaged leaves by summer�s end.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 3 (a/b) | Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
European Hazelnut, European Filbert
Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana, or European filbert, is a non-native species from Europe and Asia that produces edible hazelnuts that ripen in late August and September. It prefers moist, well-drained soils, but is fairly tolerant to different conditions. To maintain its appearance and prevent thicket formation, prompt removal of root suckers is necessary. While it�s susceptible to eastern filbert blight and occasional issues like black knot, crown gall, and leaf spot, it remains a productive plant when properly cared for. The tree can be moderately messy with fallen nuts, catkins, and leaves, requiring occasional clean-up. Japanese beetles may also target its foliage, and its pollen and nuts could cause allergic reactions in some individuals.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
No
American Smoketree
Cotinus obovatus
Cotinus obovatus, or the American smoketree, is a stunning species that thrives in a variety of soil conditions and is ideal for urban landscapes and woodlots as shrubbery. Native to the southern United States, it is drought and heat tolerant, low-maintenance, and resistant to deer. It grows well in high pH, alkaline soils, and should be located in full sun or partial shade. While its resinous sap has a strong odour, it generally faces minimal insect or disease issues. To maintain optimal health, avoid over-watering, over-fertilizing, and planting in wet, low-lying areas. The smoketree's shallow root system makes it easy to transplant. The American smoketree is native to rocky, usually mountain soils from Kentucky, Tennessee, and northern Alabama west to Oklahoma For a native alternative in Ontario, consider the eastern redbud. Currently not available in the tree nursery, due to its aesthetic beauty and adaptable nature, nurseries are trying to cultivate this species.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
north_america_native
No
Turkish Hazel, Turkish Filbert
Corylus colurna
Corlus colurna, or Turkish hazel, a resilient non-native species from Europe and Asia, thrives in various pH levels and tolerates heat, cold, and drought once established. It faces few pests or diseases, though eastern filbert blight can be a concern. This tree may sucker at the base, requiring regular management. It is ideal for challenging sites, including those with alkaline soil and drought conditions, but has a poor transplant survival rate and is best planted using balled and burlapped or container methods. While it can be moderately messy with fallen nuts, leaves, and catkins, it is well-suited for urban and naturalized landscapes.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score, 11 score
21 - 30 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed after 12-24 hours (medium draining) | Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 4 storey house (greater than 16-20 meters)
About the length of 3 average cars (10-15 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Common Smoketree/Eurasian Smoketree - Plant with Caution
Cotinus coggygria
Cotinus coggygria, or smoketree, is non-native to Ontario, with potentially invasive tendencies. This shrub or small tree originates from Europe and Asia, and is known for its pest and disease resistance. It tolerates a wide range of soil conditions, including a pH between 4-8, and different soil textures for sandy to clay soil. To maintain its shape, regular pruning is required. Caution should be used when pruning as its resinous sap may irritate the skin on contact. An alternative could be Cotinus obovatus.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
English Hawthorn
Crataegus laevigata
Crataegus laevigata, or the English hawthorn, is a small, low-branching tree known for its profuse spring bloom, and is native to Europe and North Africa. It thrives in full sun, moist, well-drained soils, and requires minimal pruning in late winter or early spring. It is recommended to plant as buffer strips around parking lots, for median strip plantings in the highway, and is a useful reclamation plant, screen, and residential street tree. This species has been successfully grown in urban areas where there is air pollution, poor drainage, compacted soil, and drought are common, making it useful in urban tree plantings.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 1 storey house (4 - 5 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Moderately (30cm- 60cm per year)
Yes
Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli var. Inermis
Crataegus crus-galli var. intermis or Thornless cockspur hawthorn, is a native cultivar to Ontario and ranges from Quebec to North Carolina and Kansas. This thornless, small flowering tree is known for its attractive spring blooms and persistent red fruit. It thrives in well-drained soils with full sun but can tolerate light shade, mild drought, and urban pollution, making it versatile for landscaping. Although its flowers have an unpleasant fragrance, its adaptability and thornless branches make it an excellent choice for parks and open woodlands.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
Yes
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
Yes
American Hazel
Corylus americana
Corylus americana or American hazel is native to Ontario, and ranges from southern Manitoba to southwest Quebec and throughout most of the eastern U.S. It prefers well-drained, moist soils that are high in organic matter, but is tolerant to a wide variety of soil types and pH ranges. It is a versatile plant that can be pruned year-round and tends to sucker from the roots, requiring regular thinning. It produces edible nuts that mature in September to October and attract seed-eating birds. The tree can be moderately messy with fallen nuts, catkins, and leaves, which may require occasional clean-up. Although availability is limited in the tree nursery, this species is becoming more popular and should become more available in the future.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 4 (a/b) | Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day. | Full shade: Less than 6 hours of filtered light or very little to no direct sunlight.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
Less than the height of a 1 storey house (3 meters or less)
Less than the length of an average car (less than 4 meters)
Fast (60cm or more per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Cornelian Cherry
Cornus mas
Cornus mas, or cornelian cherry, is a low-maintenance, non-native dogwood from Asia and Europe, known for its excellent resistance to dogwood anthracnose and the dogwood borer. It prefers well-draining loam soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It generally faces few pest or disease issues, though it can become vulnerable to borers if stressed. Pruning should be done in spring after flowering to maintain its health.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Highway. Includes sites that are open spaces along major highways, and expressways. Typically high salt content, and very long maintenance of the trees. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk | Restricted Urban Site/ hardscaped landscape Site
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score, 9 score, 10 score
0 - 10 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of an average car (4 - 5 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
Eastern Flowering Dogwood
Cornus florida
Cornus florida or eastern flowering dogwood is native to Ontario, provides multi-season beauty, and serves as a larval host for the Spring Azure butterfly. Its range extends from southeastern Maine to southern Ontario and Michigan, south to Illinois, Oklahoma, northeastern Mexico, and Florida. It prefers well-drained, acidic soil that is high in organic matter, and pH that is slightly acidic or neutral. Ideal for woodlands or forest edges, it thrives in naturalized areas. Transplanting is difficult as it requires bare roots, but is easier with container or balled-and-burlapped trees.
Naturalization area: Primarily intended to provide wildlife habitat, ecological restoration, and ecosystem services. | Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Upland Naturalization: Primarily upland or well drained to shallow sites
4 score, 5 score, 6 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
ontario_native | north_america_native
No
Kousa Dogwood
Cornus kousa
Cornus kousa, or kousa dogwood, a non-native species from Asia, is drought-tolerant, cold-hardy, potentially self-sowing, and disease-resistant. It prefers well-drained soil rich in organic matter with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7.0). However, it is still vulnerable to borers and leaf spot, and it doesn�t do well in waterlogged soils due to its shallow root system. It prefers acidic soil and may show chlorosis in high pH soils. Mulching helps keep roots cool, and pruning should be done right after flowering as it blooms on old wood.
Open Spaces. Includes commercial, industrial, and educational campuses, as well as municipal parks. | Residential area: Select this option if you're planting on your own property (like your backyard), or if you're an organization planting trees in a residential area. | Wide Median or Boulevard. Typically, a divider between two roads, with a small width of 1 to 3 m, or a boulevard between a roadway and a sidewalk
4 score, 5 score, 6 score, 7 score, 8 score
11 - 20 m
Zone 5 (a/b) | Zone 6 (a/b)
Full sun: At least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day during the growing season. | Partial sun: Less than 6 hours of direct sunlight or filtered light for most of the day.
Yes, but the water is absorbed in under 12 hours (high drainage)
No
Deciduous
About the height of a 2 storey house (6 - 8 meters)
About the length of 2 average cars (6 - 9 meters)
Slow (less than 30cm per year)
No
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